Table 3.
Univariable, Multivariable, Reduced Model Analyses.a
| Characteristics | Univariableb | Full multivariable model 1 | Reduced multivariable model 1 | Full multivariable model 2 | Reduced multivariable model 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanicc | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Hispanic | 1.91 (1.04-3.50) | 1.81 (0.94-3.49) | – | 1.61 (0.80-3.26) | – |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Single/widowed/divorced/missing | 1.71 (1.06-2.75) | 1.52 (0.91-2.50) | – | 1.51 (0.88-2.60) | 1.70 (1.05-2.76) |
| Alcohol use | |||||
| Never | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Ever | 1.60 (0.97-2.65) | 1.80 (1.06-3.05) | – | 2.04 (1.19-3.50) | 1.81 (1.08-3.03) |
| Missing | 1.59 (0.65-3.87) | 2.14 (0.83-5.53) | – | 2.56 (0.98-6.72) | 2.81 (1.11-7.12) |
| Tumor site | |||||
| Prepuce/penis corpus/overlapping lesion | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Penis glans | 0.49 (0.28-0.87) | 0.53 (0.29-0.96) | 0.48 (0.28-0.85) | 0.58 (0.30-1.12) | – |
| Penis NOS | 0.41 (0.22-0.74) | 0.42 (0.22-0.80) | 0.45 (0.25-0.84) | 0.35 (0.17-0.72) | 0.54 (0.31-0.94) |
| Tumor differentiation | |||||
| Poorly and undifferentiated | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Moderately and well differentiated | 0.62 (0.34-1.13) | 0.63 (0.33-1.22) | – | 0.64 (0.32-1.29) | – |
| Undetermined | 0.25 (0.13-0.49) | 0.40 (0.18-0.91) | 0.48 (0.27-0.86) | 0.46 (0.19-1.12) | 0.52 (0.28-0.96) |
| TNM stage group | |||||
| 0/CIS/missing | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| I/ II | 1.62 (0.86-3.03) | 1.05 (0.48-2.31) | – | ||
| III/IV | 4.70 (2.48-8.93) | 2.64 (1.11-6.30) | 2.83 (1.68-4.75) | ||
| Tumor size (mm), median | |||||
| <25 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| ≥25 | 2.91 (1.32-6.39) | 1.76 (0.76-4.04) | – | 2.23 (0.94-5.31) | 1.99 (1.18-3.36) |
| Missing | 1.18 (0.54-2.55) | 1.42 (0.64-3.15) | – | 1.48 (0.63-3.50) | – |
| Surgical margins | |||||
| No primary surgery | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| No residual tumor | 0.49 (0.29-0.82) | 1.01 (0.55-1.88) | – | 0.98 (0.49-1.93) | – |
| Microscopic/macroscopic/residual, NOS | 0.85 (0.30-2.42) | 1.38 (0.46-4.15) | – | 1.40 (0.44-4.43) | – |
| Not evaluable/missing | 0.36 (0.15-0.86) | 0.80 (0.30-2.17) | – | 0.86 (0.31-2.38) | – |
| T stage (collapsed) | |||||
| 0/CIS | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 1 | 3.05 (1.30-7.18) | 1.53 (0.54-4.34) | – | ||
| 2 | 3.87 (1.55-9.71) | 1.89 (0.57-6.29) | – | ||
| 3 | 5.61 (2.30-13.67) | 1.51 (0.45-5.07) | – | ||
| 4 | 9.17 (2.37-35.53) | 6.44 (1.46-28.38) | 6.28 (1.83-21.55) | ||
| Missing | 4.48 (1.67-12.04) | 1.33 (0.31-5.66) | – | ||
| N stage | |||||
| 0 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 1 | 1.07 (0.26-4.45) | 0.71 (0.16-3.16) | – | ||
| 2 | 4.09 (2.11-7.91) | 2.93 (1.36-6.33) | 2.90 (1.48-5.68) | ||
| 3 | 9.93 (4.36-22.64) | 12.6 (4.01-39.56) | 13.17 (5.28-32.89) | ||
| Missing | 1.68 (0.83-3.36) | 1.68 (0.45-6.23) | – | ||
| M stage | |||||
| 0 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 1 | 15.75 (3.65-67.96) | 0.77 (0.10-6.13) | – | ||
| Missing | 1.08 (0.61-1.91) | 0.97 (0.23-4.14) | – |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; Ref., reference.
a Bold font indicates a statistically significant HR.
b For comparison to the full and reduced model, these are the significant HRs from the univariable analyses from Table 2.
c Non-Hispanic includes one unknown.