Table 3.
Hospital-acquired bloodstream infection in ICU patients: pathogen distribution in selected multicentre studies published after 2010
| Study [ref] | Corona et al. [5] | Prowle et al. [11] | Climo et al.[13] a | Adrie et al. [1] | Tabah et al. [2] | Noto et al. [12] a | NHSN [129] | Wittekamp et al. [14] a | SENTRY Network [9] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inclusion period | 2002–2003 | 1998–2009 | 2007–2009 | 1998–2013 | 2009 | 2012–2013 | 2011–2014 | 2013–2017 | 1997–2016 | ||
| Geographical area | Worldwide | Australia | USA | Worldwide | USA | USA | Europe | Worldwide | |||
| Population | General ICU population | General ICU population | General ICU population | Outcomerea network, France (General ICU population) | General ICU population | General ICU population | Hospitalized patients | Mechanically ventilated patients | Hospitalized patients | ||
| Type and number of BSI events | HA-BSI (n = 351) (%) |
ICU-BSI (n = 915) (%) |
ICU-BSI (n = 330) (%) |
ICU-BSI (n = 131) (%) |
ICU-BSI (n = 571) (%) |
HA-BSI (n = 279) (%) |
ICU-BSI (n = 877) (%) |
ICU-BSI (n = 113) (%) |
HA-CLABSI (n = 85,994) (%) |
ICU-BSI (n = 305) (%) |
HA-BSI (n = 103,945) (%) |
| Escherichia coli | 10 | 6 | GNB (pooled), 28 | 5 | 10 | 19 | 5 | 4 | 5 | Enterobacterales (pooled), 32 | 16 |
| Klebsiella spp. | 9 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 15 | 6 | 8 | 9 | ||
| Enterobacter spp. | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 4b | ||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 10 | 10 | 2 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 7 | |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 5 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 16 | 0 | NA | NA | 3 | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 26 | 24 | 27 | 6 | 15 | 16 | 8 | 15 | 13 | 4 | 21 |
| CoNS | 20 | 30 | 24 | 26 | 19 | 10 | 13 | 39 | 16 | 32 | 5 |
| Enterococcus spp. | 9 | 11 | 17 | 19 | 8 | 10 | 13 | 9 | 17 | 9 | 11 |
| Candida spp. | 10 | 6 | 15 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 14 | 5 | NA |
| Others | 5 | 3 | 7 | 19 | 16 | < 5 | < 5 | 17 | 11 | 24 | |
Note that the sum for each column may exceed 100% due to polymicrobial BSI
NHSN National Healthcare Safety Network, HA-BSI hospital-acquired bloodstream infection, ICU-BSI ICU-acquired BSI, CLABSI central line-associated BSI, CoNS coagulase-negative staphylococci, NA non-available
aRCTs for the evaluation of preventive measures for ICU-BSI: only data from the control groups are exposed in the table
bReported for Enterobacter cloacae only
cReported for Staphylococcus epidermidis only