Table 4.

Current resistance rates in major pathogens responsible for hospital-acquired infections according to World Health Organization regions—available data from large surveillance networks

Resistant isolates (%) among invasive isolates of a given species	WHO regions
	Americas	Europe	Eastern Mediterranean	South-East Asia	Western Pacific
Escherichia coli/resistance to ESC	16–22	28–36	11–41	20–61	0–77
Klebsiella pneumoniae/resistance to ESC	21–56	41–62	17–50	53–100	27–72
Klebsiella pneumoniae/resistance to carbapenems	9–11	0–4	0–54	0–52	0–8
Pseudomonas aeruginosa/MDR phenotype	18–20	NA	30–36	34–43	30–35
Acinetobacter baumannii/resistance to carbapenems	47–64	0–23	60–70	26–65	62–72
Staphylococcus aureus/resistance to methicillin	42–55	33–95	13–53	2–81	4–84

WHO World Health Organization, ESC extended-spectrum cephalosporins, MDR multidrug-resistant

Data were extracted from the WHO Antimicrobial Resistance Global Report 2019 (http://www.who.int/antimicrobial-resistance/publications/surveillancereport), National Healthcare Safety Network/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Report 2015–2017 [130], European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network Annual Report 2016 (http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/antimicrobial_resistance), International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium Report 2010–2015 [131], CHINET Surveillance Network Report 2014 [132], and other references [133, 134]. Available resistance rates in the specific context of ICU-acquired infections are in the upper ranges of reported values for all geographical areas. Note that similar large-scale surveillance data are not available for the Africa region