Table 5.

Rapid diagnostic tools for early optimization of antimicrobial therapy in patients with bloodstream infections: methods, turn-around time and diagnostic performances

Name	Manufacturer	Method	Input	TAT	Sensitivity	Specificity	References
MagicplexTM Sepsis Test	Seegene	RT-PCR	Blood sample	5 h	0.65	0.92	Carrara et al. [135]
					0.29	0.95	Zboromyrska et al. [136]
					0.47	0.66	Ziegler et al. [137]
T2Bacteria® Panel	T2Biosystems	Magnetic resonance	Blood sample	3.5	0.9% (95% CI, 0.76–0.96)	0.9 (95% CI, 0.88–0.91)	Nguyen et al. [28]
FilmArray® Blood Culture	bioFire	PCR	Positive BC	1 h	0.92-1a	0.76-1a	Altun et al. [138]
					0.95	ND	Bhatti et al. [139]
Verigene® Blood culture tests	Luminex	PCR	Positive BC	2.5 h	0.99	ND	Bhatti et al. [139]
					0.95	ND	Kim et al. [140]
Accelerate Pheno™	Accelerate Diagnostics	FISH and microscopy	Positive BC	1.5 h (identification) 7 h (AST)	0.95	0.99	Lutgring et al. [141]
					0.96	0.99	Charnot-Katsikas et al. [142]
VitekMS Biotyper	bioMérieux Bruker	MALDI-TOF	Positive BC	<1 h (identification), < 1 h-4 h (AST)	Concordance for Gram-negativeb: 0.83–1 Concordance for Gram-positiveb: 0.32–0.89		Faron [31]

RT-PCR real-time polymerase chain reaction, ESI–MS electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, BC blood culture, FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization, AST antibiotic susceptibility testing, MALDI-TOF matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry

^aAccording to the target

^bIdentification at the species level