. 2020 Feb 4;16(5):438–445. doi: 10.1007/s12519-020-00341-9

Table 2.

Studies relating diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children/adolescents

Diagnosis	Country	Populations	Prevalence of NAFLD	References
Aminotransferase elevations^a	USA	2450 children (12–18 y) NHANES III	6% in all 10% in obese	[67]
	USA	12,714 children (12–19 y)	11% in all	[68]
	USA	Meta-analysis on 23 studies (1–19 y)	7% in all 13.7% in obese	[59]
Ultrasound	USA	Meta-analysis on 44 studies (1–19 y)	7.6% in all 41.3% in obese	[59]
Liver histology	USA	Autopsy 742 children/adolescents (San Diego County)	Whole 9.6% (NASH 3% of all, 23% of NAFL) 38% in obese Hispanics > White > Black	[69]
	USA	Liver specimens within 48 h death 582 subjects (2–19 y) 50% Black, 33% Hispanic, 12% White, 3% Asian, and 2% other; 36% had a body mass index > 85%	4.5% NAFLD (1.7% NASH) White 8.3%, Hispanics 7.9%^b, Black 1%	[70]

NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, NASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, NAFLD Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

^aLimited sensitivity and specificity for clinically significant NAFLD [71, 72], ^bLarge proportion of Caribbean Hispanics (protective against NAFLD)