Table 2.

miRNAs involved in embryonic corticogenesis

miRNA	Key mRNA targets/pathway	Function during cortical development	References
miR-9	Foxp2, Map1b, Meis2, Foxg1, Tlx, Pax6	Cajal-retzius neuron specification; inhibit NPC proliferation; promote neurogenesis; lamination; layer V neuron specification; neuron migration; axonal outgrowth/branching	Zhao et al. [127]; Shibata et al. [128]; Shibata et al. [129]; Dajas-Bailador et al. [130]; Clovis et al. [131]; Shu et al. [132]
let-7b	?	Layer II–IV neuron specification	Shu et al. [132]
let-7d	Tlx, Imp1	Inhibit NPC proliferation; promote neurogenesis	Zhao et al. [133]
miR-17–92 cluster	Pten, p21, Tbr2, Tis21	Promote NPC proliferation; inhibit AP to IP tranistion; survival	Bian et al. [134]; Fei et al. [135]; Chen et al. [136]
miR-7	p21, Ccng1, p53 pathway genes	Promote neurogenesis (AP to IP transition); NPC survival	Pollock et al. [137]
miR-210	Cdk7	Promote premature-cell cycle exit/differentiation	Abdullah et al. [138]
miR-134	Chrdl-1, Dcx	Increase NPC proliferation; reduce neuron migration; neuronal survival; neurite outgrowth	Gaughwin et al. [139]
miR-137	Lsd1	Inhibit NPC proliferation; promote neurogenesis	Sun et al. [140]
miR-34/449	Jam-a	Promote neurogenesis; regulate NPC mitotic spindle orientation,	Fededa et al. [141]
miR-15b	Tet3	Inhibit NPC proliferation; promote neurogenesis	Lv et al. [142]
miR-124	Ptbp1, Rcor1 (coREST), Dcx	Promote neurogenesis; neuronal migration	Makeyev et al. [48]; Volvert et al., [143]
miR-22	Rcor1 (coREST)	Neuron migration	Volvert et al. [143]
miR-128	Phf6, Pcm1	Inhibit NPC proliferation; promote neurogenesis; layer VI neuron specification; regulate neuronal morphology, migration, excitability	Franzoni et al. [144]; Zhang et al. [114]; Shu et al. [132]
miR-29b	Wnt signalling genes	Cajal-retzius neuron specification; inhibit NPC proliferation	Shin et al. [145]

NPC neural precursor cell, AP apical precursor, IP intermediate progenitor