Table 4. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the relationships between specific lifestyle classes with risk of diabetes.
| Main analyses | Sensitivity analysesa | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR (95% CI) | P | Adjusted OR (95% CI)b | P | Crude OR (95% CI) | P | Adjusted OR (95% CI)b | P | |
| Males | ||||||||
| (Reference: Healthy lifestyle) | ||||||||
| Cumulate harmful habits | 1.91 (1.43–2.55) | <0.001 | 2.09 (1.54–2.83) | <0.001 | 2.60 (1.79–3.76) | <0.001 | 2.69 (1.83–3.94) | <0.001 |
| Poor sleep and risky habits | 2.99 (2.10–4.27) | <0.001 | 2.62 (1.79–3.82) | <0.001 | 3.87 (2.44–6.14) | <0.001 | 3.29 (2.02–5.34) | <0.001 |
| (Reference: Cumulate harmful habits) | ||||||||
| Poor sleep and risky habits | 1.57 (1.08–2.27) | 0.018 | 1.25 (0.84–1.87) | 0.271 | 1.49 (0.94–2.36) | 0.088 | 1.22 (0.75–2.00) | 0.421 |
| Females | ||||||||
| (Reference: Healthy lifestyle) | ||||||||
| Inactive, daytime dysfunction | 2.10 (1.02–4.32) | 0.044 | 2.41 (1.06–5.45) | 0.035 | 2.15 (0.74–6.25) | 0.160 | 3.14 (1.00–9.84) | 0.050 |
| Poor sleep habits | 3.61 (2.28–5.71) | <0.001 | 1.92 (1.16–3.27) | 0.011 | 3.93 (1.96–7.88) | <0.001 | 2.48 (1.18–5.22) | 0.017 |
| (Reference: Inactive, daytime dysfunction) | ||||||||
| Poor sleep habits | 1.72 (0.79–3.75) | 0.175 | 0.81 (0.33–1.98) | 0.645 | 1.83 (0.57–5.83) | 0.307 | 0.79 (0.23–2.76) | 0.711 |
Notes.
- OR
- odds ratio
- CI
- confidence interval
a
Sensitivity analyses by excluding patients with self-reported history of cardiometabolic diseases (including hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes).
b
Estimates were adjusted for age, education level, family history of diabetes, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure.