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. 2020 May 14;10:7963. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64769-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Variability of atmospheric CO₂ enhancement over Moscow Domodedovo Airport (DME). (a,b) Maximum excess CO₂ values observed in wind direction (angle) and speed (distance from the center) bins at 4.0–4.5 km and 1.0–1.5 km altitude (a.g.l.), respectively. Circles in grey represent every 5 m s⁻¹ wind speed. (c) Histograms of excess CO₂ at 4.0–4.5 km (solid purple) and 1.0–1.5 km (solid red line) altitudes. Note that excess CO₂ = 0 means that the CO₂ data point lies close to the climatological seasonal variation over the airport, whereas large deviations indicate excursion from the representative seasonal variation. (d) The CO₂ measurement positions at altitudes of <2 km (black circles). The open diamond is the location of DME. The land cover data are from a global land cover map product³⁶ and the map was generated by Igor Pro 7 (https://www.wavemetrics.com).