Table 3.

Intervention elements.

Elements	Minutes	Description of activity	Contribution to grammar learning
Introduction	2	Introduce theme and topic of the book, preview vocabulary	Activate learning of vocabulary
Book walk	4	Look at pictures, make predictions, activate prior knowledge	Words and grammatical forms in context
Vocabulary	8	Read select parts of book, find the vocabulary word in context, discuss meaning in relevant passage	Lexical semantic relationships, morphosyntactic and semantic cues and relationship to meaning, derivational morphology
Listening comprehension and narrative production	8	Listening comprehension using KWL charts, to identify what they children know, want to know, and learned about each word or concept presented, expository knowledge, review story grammar components, retell parts of narratives	Words and grammatical forms in context, production practice using connected discourse
Grammar	6	Introduce grammatical targets, use mediated learning for comprehension and production practice with modeling and imitation with parallel forms, focused stimulation, and recasts using book theme for context	Grammatical forms targeted directly through comprehension and production
Review and retell	5	Recap story, opportunities for retelling, review vocabulary targets	Words and grammatical forms in context
Reading	15	Word and short phrase-level reading related to book theme, phonological awareness, and letter–sound correspondence. Use Intervenciones Tempranas de la Lectura Curriculum (Science and Associates, 2012).	Phonological awareness, for awareness of parts of words and sound–letter correspondence for written word recognition
Writing	3	Word and short phrase-level writing related to book theme, phonological awareness, and letter–sound correspondence. Use Intervenciones Tempranas de la Lectura Curriculum (Science and Associates, 2012).	Phonological awareness, for awareness of parts of words and sound–letter correspondence for written word recognition