Table 2.
Literature review of tumors with GLI1 gene alternations involving head and neck and other sites
| Age/sex | Site | Outcome (FU months) | MI | Necrosis | GLI1 alteration | S100 | SMA | AE1/3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head and neck region | |||||||||
| Dahlen (2, 3) | 27/F | Tongue | NED (60) | NA | NA | ACTB-GLI1 | - | + | - |
| 11/M | Tongue | NED (22) | NA | NA | ACTB-GLI1 | - | + | - | |
| 12/F | Tongue | NED (120) | NA | NA | ACTB-GLI1 | - | + | - | |
| Antonescu (7) * | 32/F | Subm | LR/DM/AWD (104) | 6 | Yes | PTCH1-GLI1 | + | - | - |
| * | 38/M | Tongue | NED (2) | 1 | No | PTCH1-GLI1 | + | - | - |
| 37/M | Neck/Subm | NED (30) | 0 | No | ACTB-GLI1 | - | + | - | |
| 1/M | Tongue | NED (2) | 4 | No | ACTB-GLI1 | NA | - | NA | |
| 28/M | Tongue | NA | 0 | No | ACTB-GLI1 | + | + | - | |
| 14/M | Tongue | NA | 0 | No | ACTB-GLI1 | - | NA | - | |
| 56/F | Tongue | NA | 8 | No | MALAT1-GLI1 | - | - | + | |
| 46/F | Tongue | NED (3) | 0 | No | GLI1 amp | + | + | - | |
| 60/M | Tongue | NA | 11 | No | GLI1 amp | + | - | NA | |
| Agaram (6) * | 39/M | Neck | LR/DM/AWD (36) | 7 | Yes | GLI1 amp | + | + | + |
| 65/M | Tongue | NA | 5 | No | GLI1 amp | - | - | - | |
| Other sites | |||||||||
| Koh (4) | 11/F | Ovary | NA | NA | Yes | ACTB-GLI1 | + | - | - |
| Kerr (5) | 57/F | Tibia | DM/AWD (27) | 5 | Yes | ACTB-GLI1 | - | + | - |
| 62/M | Scapula | DM/AWD (180) | 1 | No | ACTB-GLI1 | - | + | - | |
| 41/F | Ovary | NED (14) | 1 | Yes | ACTB-GLI1 | + | + | + | |
| Antonescu (7) | 20/M | Thigh | NA | NA | No | ACTB-GLI1 | + | - | - |
| 16/M | Spine | NA | NA | No | MALAT1-GLI1 | + | - | - | |
| 30/F | Foot | LR/AWD (21) | NA | No | ACTB-GLI1 | + | - | - | |
| 79/F | RP | RR (NA) | NA | No | ACTB-GLI1 | - | - | - | |
| 38/F | Chest wall | NA | NA | No | ACTB-GLI1 | - | - | + | |
| Castro (8) | 8/F | Stomach | NED (6) | NA | Yes | ACTB-GLI1 | - | NA | - |
| Bridge (9) | 67/M | Bone | NED (204) | NA | NA | ACTB-GLI1 | - | + | - |
| Dahlen (2, 3) | 61/M | Calf | DOC (60) | NA | NA | ACTB-GLI1 | - | + | - |
| 65/F | Stomach | NED (24) | NA | NA | ACTB-GLI1 | - | + | - | |
| Agaram (6) | 4/F | Shoulder | NA | 5 | No | GLI1 amp | + | - | - |
| 10/M | Finger | NA | 15 | No | GLI1 amp | - | - | - | |
| 17/M | Thigh | NA | 5 | No | GLI1 amp | - | - | - | |
| 23/F | Thigh | NED (36) | 2 | No | GLI1 amp | - | - | + | |
| 26/F | Lung | NA | 4 | No | GLI1 amp | + | - | - | |
| 51/F | Back | LR/NED (16) | >25 | Yes | GLI1 amp | + | - | - | |
| 54/F | Elbow | NA | 15 | No | GLI1 amp | + | + | - | |
| 60/M | Forearm | NA | 10 | No | GLI1 amp | - | - | - | |
*
Current study; FU: follow up; MI: mitotic index (per 10 high power fields); SMA: smooth muscle actin; AE1/3: cytokeratin AE1/AE3; subm: submandibular gland; RP: retroperitoneum; NED: no evidence of disease; LR: local recurrence; DM: distant metastasis; RR: regional recurrence; AWD: alive with disease; NA: not available; DOC: dead of other cause; amp: amplification; +: positive; -: negative.