Fig. 6.

GLP-1 levels in ileum and energy expenditure were decreased significantly in HF-OP group. (a) Representative immunofluorescent images showing TGR5(red), GLP-1(green) in the ileum tissue of N, HF-OP and HF-OR groups. Scale bars, 50 μm. GLP-1 positive cells count was expressed as counts per mm² of mucosal area. Five fields of view were chosen randomly per sample to calculate mean count and area, values are presented as mean ± SD. n = 5 per group. The count and area were analysed using image J software. *p<0•05 and **p<0•01 (unpaired Student's t-test). (b) The GLP-1 precursor Glucagon and Tgr5 mRNA in ileum tissue were measured using real-time PCR assay. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. *p<0•05 and **p<0•01 (unpaired Student's t-test). n = 4 per group. (c) GLP-1 secretion was detected in STC-1 and NCI-H716 cells using ELISA with treatment of BAs, and data were obtained from 3 independent experiments. *p<0•05 and **p<0•01 (unpaired Student's t-test). (d) Representative UCP1 immunostaining of BAT sections from the three groups. Scale bars, 50 μm. (e) Quantification of UCP1 immunostaining average optical density. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. n = 3 per group. *p<0•05 and **p<0•01 (unpaired Student's t-test). (f) The expression of UCP1 (n = 8 per group) and PGC-1α (n = 7 per group) in BAT were detected by western blot. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. **p<0•01 (unpaired Student's t-test).