Table 2.

Estimated change of cognitive function by case-control status for individual cognitive tests and the general cognitive factor^*

Cognitive test	Case patients, No.	Control subjects, No.	Assessment, No.	Case patients	Control subjects	P for difference in change§	Difference at index age‖ (95% CI)	P for difference at index age¶
				change/year†(95% CI)	change/year‡ (95% CI)
MMSE	2059	4118	14 926	−0.04 (−0.05 to −0.02)	−0.03 (−0.04 to −0.03)	.71	0.11 (−0.01 to 0.22)	.07
LDST	1256	2512	7064	−0.29 (−0.35 to −0.23)	−0.31 (−0.33 to −0.28)	.43	1.07 (0.58 to 1.55)	<.001
WFT	1263	2526	7045	−0.11 (−0.17 to −0.05)	−0.12 (−0.14 to −0.09)	.81	0.52 (0.08 to 0.96)	.02
Stroop Test reading#	1237	2474	6809	0.14 (0.09 to 0.19)	0.11 (0.09 to 0.13)	.16	−0.23 (−0.57 to 0.10)	.17
Stroop Test naming#	1234	2468	6839	0.15 (0.10 to 0.21)	0.15 (0.13 to 0.18)	.99	−0.68 (−1.16 to −0.20)	.006
Stroop Test interference#	1231	2462	6792	0.67 (0.38 to 0.95)	0.64 (0.51 to 0.77)	.84	−2.52 (−4.71 to −0.33)	.02
PPT	904	1808	4229	−0.33 (−0.40 to −0.25)	−0.32 (−0.35 to −0.29)	.78	0.64 (0.19 to 1.09)	.005
WLT immediate recall	782	1564	3350	−0.05 (−0.09 to −0.01)	0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03)	.003	−0.18 (−0.40 to 0.04)	.11
WLT delayed recall	782	1564	3395	−0.03 (−0.09 to 0.02)	−0.02 (−0.04 to 0.01)	.56	0.00 (−0.29 to 0.30)	.99
WLT recognition	784	1568	3380	−0.03 (−0.08 to 0.01)	−0.01 (−0.03 to 0.01)	.33	−0.09 (−0.33 to 0.14)	.43
General cognitive factor	701	1402	2754	−0.02 (−0.05 to 0.00)	−0.03 (−0.04 to −0.02)	.61	0.08 (−0.03 to 0.20)	.13

^*Results based on the model: ${\mathit{Cognitive}\mathrm{ }\mathit{test}\mathrm{ }\mathit{result}}_{\mathit{ij}}={(\beta }_{00}+u_{0i})+{(\beta }_1+u_{1i}){\mathit{Time}}_{\mathit{ij}}+{\beta }_2{\mathit{Cancer}}_i+{\beta }_3{\{\mathit{Time}}_{\mathit{ij}}\mathrm{*}{\mathit{Cancer}}_i\}\mathrm{ }+\mathrm{ }{\beta }_4{\mathit{Age}}_i+\mathrm{ }{\beta }_5{\mathit{Sex}}_i+\mathrm{ }{\beta }_6{\mathit{Education}}_i+\mathrm{ }{\beta }_7{\mathit{Smoking}}_i+\mathrm{ }{\beta }_8{\mathit{Alcohol}}_i+\mathrm{ }{\beta }_9{\mathit{CES-D}}_i+\mathrm{ }{\beta }_{10}{\mathit{BMI}}_i+{\epsilon }_{\mathit{ij}}\mathrm{ }$for participant i and repeated measure j, assuming autocorrelation structure of the variance-covariance matrix of residuals and the general positive-definite matrix of the random part. BMI = body mass index; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale; CI = confidence interval; LDST = Letter-Digit Substitution Test; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; PPT = Purdue Pegboard Test; WFT = Word Fluency Test; WLT = Word Learning Test.

^† ${\beta }_1+{\beta }_3$.

^‡ ${\beta }_1$.

^§Test of $H_0:\mathrm{ }{\beta }_3=0$ using the linear mixed model, for Bonferroni adjusted conclusions about individual tests, two-sided P < .05/10 = .005 is statistically significant.

^‖ ${\beta }_2$ = difference between cases and controls at time = 0 (at index age).

^¶Test of $H_0:\mathrm{ }{\beta }_2=0$ using the linear mixed model, for Bonferroni adjusted conclusions about individual tests, two-sided P < .05/10 = .005 is statistically significant.

^#Better performance corresponds to lower scores.