Table 3.

Estimated change of cognitive function by case-control status for individual cognitive tests and the general cognitive factor by cancer site*

Cognitive test	Prostate cancer			Breast cancer			Colorectal cancer
	Change/year case patients†	Change/year control subjects‡	P for difference in change§	Change/year case patients†	Change/year control subjects‡	P for difference in change§	Change/year case patents†	Change/ year control subjects‡	P for difference in change§
MMSE	−0.03	−0.03	.84	−0.04	−0.04	.92	−0.02	−0.05	.03
LDST	−0.34	−0.32	.83	−0.19	−0.33	.09	−0.29	−0.35	.41
WFT	−0.02	−0.07	.56	−0.10	−0.14	.65	−0.15	−0.09	.40
Stroop Test reading‖	0.15	0.14	.81	0.13	0.07	.30	0.10	0.11	.90
Stroop Test naming‖	0.15	0.18	.61	0.14	0.18	.51	0.05	0.17	.16
Stroop Test interference‖	0.26	0.70	.06	0.93	0.69	.51	0.48	0.32	.68
PPT	−0.40	−0.43	.71	−0.30	−0.25	.57	−0.25	−0.26	.88
WLT immediate recall	−0.06	−0.02	.29	0.03	−0.01	.58	−0.11	−0.01	.03
WLT delayed recall	0.03	−0.02	.41	0.05	−0.02	.44	−0.06	0.00	.28
WLT recognition	−0.07	−0.04	.61	0.06	0.03	.63	−0.07	0.02	.05
General cognitive factor	−0.03	0.02	.12	−0.04	−0.02	.41	0.07	0.06	.74

Cognitive test	Lung cancer			Metastasized cancer
	Change/year case patients†	Change/year control subjects‡	P for difference in change§	Change/year case patients†	Change/year control subjects‡	P for difference in change§
MMSE	−0.04	−0.03	.49	−0.04	−0.04	.86
LDST	−0.31	−0.27	.58	−0.32	−0.26	.29
WFT	−0.10	−0.15	.51	−0.07	−0.10	.66
Stroop Test reading‖	0.17	0.10	.32	0.09	0.11	.69
Stroop Test naming‖	0.24	0.11	.06	0.16	0.14	.71
Stroop Test interference‖	1.54	0.73	.01	1.03	0.92	.70
PPT	−0.32	−0.35	.80	−0.33	−0.32	.88
WLT immediate recall	−0.07	0.02	.10	0.06	0.02	.46
WLT delayed recall	−0.08	−0.01	.35	0.07	0.02	.43
WLT recognition	−0.02	−0.03	.83	0.02	−0.00	.64
General cognitive factor	0.02	0.02	.96	−0.03	−0.02	.76

^*Results based on the model: ${\mathit{Cognitive}\mathrm{ }\mathit{test}\mathrm{ }\mathit{result}}_{\mathit{ij}}={(\beta }_{00}+u_{0i})+{(\beta }_1+u_{1i}){\mathit{Time}}_{\mathit{ij}}+{\beta }_2{\mathit{Cancer}}_i+{\beta }_3{\{\mathit{Time}}_{\mathit{ij}}\mathrm{*}{\mathit{Cancer}}_i\}\mathrm{ }+\mathrm{ }{\beta }_4{\mathit{Age}}_i+\mathrm{ }{\beta }_5{\mathit{Sex}}_i+\mathrm{ }{\beta }_6{\mathit{Education}}_i+\mathrm{ }{\beta }_7{\mathit{Smoking}}_i+\mathrm{ }{\beta }_8{\mathit{Alcohol}}_i+\mathrm{ }{\beta }_9{\mathit{CES-D}}_i+\mathrm{ }{\beta }_{10}{\mathit{BMI}}_i+{\epsilon }_{\mathit{ij}}$for participant i and repeated measure j, assuming autocorrelation structure of the variance-covariance matrix of residuals and the general positive-definite matrix of the random part. Models were run for each different cancer site separately. ${\beta }_5$ was not used for breast and prostate cancer. BMI = body mass index; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale; LDST = Letter-Digit Substitution Test; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; PPT = Purdue Pegboard Test; WFT = Word Fluency Test; WLT = Word Learning Test.

^† ${\beta }_1+{\beta }_3$.

^‡ ${\beta }_1$.

^§Test of $H_0:\mathrm{ }{\beta }_3=0\mathrm{ }$using the linear mixed model, for Bonferroni adjusted conclusions about individual tests, two-sided P < .05/10 = .005 is statistically significant.

^‖Better performance corresponds to lower scores.