Table 2.
Classification of adverse drug reactions as to the affected organic system, according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v5.0) with suspected drugs detected in an emergency medicine unit in our study
| Organic system adverse drug event (suspected drug) | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Metabolism and nutritional disorders | 5 (8.06) |
| Hypoglycemia (insulin, metformin, glipizide) | 3 |
| Hypokalemia (piperacillin–tazobactam, mannitol, sertraline, caspofungin) | 4 |
| Hyperkalemia (spironolactone) | 1 |
| Hyponatremia (hydrochlorothiazide) | 1 |
| Hypernatremia (mannitol, hypertonic saline, lithium) | 3 |
| Blood and lymphatic system disorders | 10 (16.1) |
| Bleeding (warfarin, enoxaparin, streptokinase, tenecteplase, NSAIDs) | |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | 13 (21) |
| Diarrhea (amoxycillin–clavulanic acid, cefixime, nutritional supplements, clindamycin, ceftriaxone) | 9 |
| Constipation (ranitidine, olanzapine) | 3 |
| Vomiting (oseltamivir) | 1 |
| Cardiac disorders | 12 (19.3) |
| Hypotension (chlordiazepoxide, amlodipine, furosemide, hydralazine, chlorpromazine) | 11 |
| Hypertension (clonidine withdrawal) | 1 |
| Bradycardia (metoprolol, propranolol) | 2 |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | 11 (17.7) |
| Rash acneiform (prednisolone) | 1 |
| Rash maculopapular (amoxycillin–clavulanic acid, levofloxacin, cefixime, sulfonamides) | 5 |
| Steven–Johnsons syndrome (phenytoin) | 2 |
| Toxic epidermal necrolysis (phenytoin, paracetamol) | 2 |
| Urticaria (amoxycillin–clavulanic acid, vancomycin) | 2 |
| Renal and urinary disorders | 2 (3.2) |
| Acute kidney injury (NSAIDs) | |
| Nervous system disorders | 5 (8.06) |
| Headache (valproate, sumatriptan, paracetamol) | 3 |
| Seizure (isoniazid) | 1 |
| Tremor (propranolol) | 1 |
| Psychiatric disorders | 1 (1.6) |
| Suicide attempt (olanzapine) | 1 |
| Investigation | 2 (3.2) |
| Platelet count decreased (low-molecular-weight heparin) | 1 |
| Altered liver function (AKT) | 1 |