Human intestinal organoid–derived aganglionic tissue-engineered small
intestine. Intestinal pacemaker cells ICC (CKIT+, a) and smooth muscle cells
(SMA+, b) are identified in HIO-TESI with or without ENCC injection.
Different cell types of epithelial lineage (ECAD+), including goblet cells
(MUC2+, c), enteroendocrine cells (CHGA+, d), and Paneth cells (LYSO+, e),
are present in HIO-TESI + saline and HIO-TESI + ENCC cysts. PCNA+
proliferating cells are located in the crypts and villus regions in the TESI
(f). No OCT4 teratoma marker is observed (f). DAPI stained cell nuclei in
all images. CKIT: ICC-selective receptor tyrosine kinase; SMA: alpha-smooth
muscle actin; ECAD: E-cadherin; MUC2: mucin 2; CHGA: chromagranin A; LYSO:
lysozyme; CALB: calbindin; CHAT: choline acetyltransferase; NOS1: neuronal
nitric oxide synthase; 5-HT: serotonin/5-hydroxytryptamine; PGP9.5: protein
gene product 9.5; PCNA: proliferating cell nuclear antigen; OCT4:
octamer-binding transcription factor 4; hPSC: human pluripotent stem cell;
ICC: interstitial cells of Cajal; HIO-TESI: tissue-engineered small
intestine derived from human intestinal organoids.