Table 1.
Relative risks (95% confidence intervals) of gastric cancer risk according to pickled vegetable or salted fish intake in the Korean cohort studies.
| Outcome | Pickled Vegetable Intake | P for Trend | Per 40 g/day Increment | ||||||
| Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | |||||
| Incidence | |||||||||
| KMCC | |||||||||
| Case no. | 15 | 15 | 18 | 21 | 12 | 81 | |||
| Person-years | 9153.04 | 8983.91 | 9774.26 | 11020.96 | 7474.97 | 46407.13 | |||
| Model 1 a | 1.00 (reference) | 0.96 (0.47–1.97) | 1.19 (0.60–2.37) | 1.09 (0.56–2.12) | 0.93 (0.44–1.99) | 0.98 | 0.95 (0.80–1.13) | ||
| Model 2 b | 1.00 (reference) | 0.99 (0.48–2.03) | 1.21 (0.60–2.40) | 1.10 (0.56–2.15) | 0.95 (0.44–2.04) | 0.97 | 0.95 (0.80–1.13) | ||
| Mortality | |||||||||
| KoGES | |||||||||
| Case no. | 35 | 34 | 31 | 49 | 50 | 199 | |||
| Person-years | 280471.68 | 282869.54 | 283603.52 | 289748.48 | 314506.54 | 1451199.76 | |||
| Model 1 c | 1.00 (reference) | 0.84 (0.52–1.35) | 0.79 (0.49–1.29) | 1.14 (0.73–1.77) | 0.89 (0.57–1.40) | 0.99 | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | ||
| Model 2 d | 1.00 (reference) | 0.83 (0.52–1.33) | 0.79 (0.49–1.28) | 1.14 (0.73–1.77) | 0.85 (0.54–1.34) | 0.84 | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | ||
| Outcome | Salted Fish Intake | P for Trend | Per 60 g/day Increment | ||||||
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | |||||||
| Incidence | |||||||||
| KMCC | |||||||||
| Case no. | 88 | 113 | 95 | 296 | |||||
| Person-years | 45481.01 | 53529.26 | 46630.12 | 145640.40 | |||||
| Model 1a | 1.00 (reference) | 1.15 (0.87–1.53) | 1.08 (0.80–1.44) | 0.85 | 1.10 (0.70–1.73) | ||||
| Model 2b | 1.00 (reference) | 1.05 (0.78–1.40) | 1.03 (0.77–1.38) | 0.94 | 1.01 (0.63–1.61) | ||||
| Mortality | |||||||||
| KMCC | |||||||||
| Case no. | 22 | 42 | 26 | 90 | |||||
| Person-years | 45690.51 | 53829.00 | 46943.62 | 146463.13 | |||||
| Model 1 a | 1.00 (reference) | 1.74 (1.03–1.93) | 1.26 (0.71–1.24) | 0.93 | 1.50 (0.69–3.23) | ||||
| Model 2 b | 1.00 (reference) | 1.39 (0.81–1.38) | 1.12 (0.63–1.00) | 0.91 | 1.22 (0.54–2.78) | ||||
| KoGES | |||||||||
| Case no. | 72 | 62 | 67 | 201 | |||||
| Person-years | 491079.82 | 465063.62 | 502876.12 | 1459019.56 | |||||
| Model 1 c | 1.00 (reference) | 1.03 (0.73–1.45) | 0.90 (0.64–1.27) | 0.48 | 1.89 (0.37–9.70) | ||||
| Model 2 d | 1.00 (reference) | 1.03 (0.73–1.45) | 0.86 (0.61–1.22) | 0.32 | 1.40 (0.26–7.52) | ||||
| Pooled | |||||||||
| MV adjusted | 1.00 (reference) | 1.12 (0.84–1.50) | 0.92 (0.68–1.24) | 0.80 | 1.25 (0.60–2.62) | ||||
Abbreviations: KMCC, Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort; KoGES, Korean Genome Epidemiology Study; CAVAS, Cardiovascular Disease Association Study; HEXA, Health Examinee; BMI, Body Mass Index; MV, Multivariate. a Model 1: Stratified by age (20 to < 50, 50 to < 60, 60 to < 70, and 70+ years) and adjusted for age at baseline (continuous, years) and sex. b Model 2: Model 1 further adjusted for survey year (continuous, year), BMI (10 to < 18.5, 18.5 to < 23, 23 to < 25, 25 to < 30, and 30+ kg/m2 for analysis of incidence and 10 to < 23, 23 to < 25, and 25+ kg/m2 for analysis of mortality), smoking status (never smoker, past smoker, and current smoker), and alcohol drinking frequency (never, 0 < to < 1 time per week, 1 time per week to < 3 times per week, 3 times per week to <1 time per day, and 1+ time per day) c Model 1: Stratified by age (40 to < 50, 50 to < 60, and 60+ years) and study cohort (the Ansan and Ansung study, the CAVAS, and the HEXA study) and further adjusted for age at baseline (continuous, year), sex, and total energy intake (continuous, kcal/day).d Model 2: Model 1 further adjusted for survey year (continuous, year), BMI (10 to < 18.5, 18.5 to < 23, 23 to < 25, 25 to < 30, and 30+ kg/m2), smoking status (0, 0 < to < 10, 10 to < 20, and 20+ pack-years), and alcohol intake (0, 0 < to < 5, 5 to < 15, 15 to < 30, and 30+ g/day).