Figure 1.
Effects of various light wavelengths on serotonin, N-acetylserotonin, and melatonin production in rice seedlings. (A) Phenotypes, (B) serotonin, (C) N-acetylserotonin, and (D) melatonin levels in response to cadmium treatment under various light conditions. Seven-day-old rice seedlings were rhizosperically challenged with 0.5 mM CdCl2 for 3 days under continuous light wavelength condition. D, dark; R + B, combined red and blue LED light (7:3 ratio); R, red LED light; B, blue LED light; FR, far-red LED light. Light intensity in R + B, R, and B was equal to 60 μmol × m−2 × s−1 whereas FR was 4 μmol × m−2 × s−1. Values are means ± standard deviations of three independent experiments. FW, fresh weight.