Figure 2.

Effect of CA application on Cu-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) (A), proline contents (B), and antioxidative defense mechanisms such as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (C) and peroxidase (POD) (D) in the leaves of C. capsularis seedlings grown under different stress levels of Cu. Values are demonstrated as means of three replicates along with standard deviation (SD; n =3). One-way ANOVA was performed and means differences were tested by LSD (p < 0.05). Different lowercase letters on the error bars indicate significant difference between the treatments. Cu₀CA₀ (Cu = 0 μM and CA = 0 mM), Cu₀CA₁ (Cu = 0 μM and CA = 2 mM), Cu₁CA₀ (Cu = 50 μM and CA = 0 mM), Cu₁CA₁ (Cu = 50 μM and CA = 2 mM), Cu₂CA₀ (Cu = 100 μM and CA = 0 mM), Cu₂CA₁ (Cu = 100 μM and CA = 2 mM).