Table 2.

List of diseases and the associated effect on EV miRNA.

Disease	miRNA Involved	Reference
Chronic Lung Disease	Hyperoxia-treated lung epithelial cells caused an upregulation of miR-320a and miR-221 in MVs	[45]
	CLD causes elevated serum EV levels of miR-21 in human infants	[46]
Immune Response	IL-4 causes upregulated miR-138-5p and miR-149-5p in BMDM-derived exosomes	[48]
Neuroinflammation	Astrocytes stimulated with IL-1β increased exosomal levels of let-7d, miR-126, miR-130b, miR-139-5p, and miR-141-3p	[50]
	Exosomal miR-193-3p delivered to a SAH mouse caused a reduction in HDAC3 reduced inflammation	[52]
Diabetes Mellitus	Hyperglycemia causes a reduction in MV and AB-derived miR-126 and MV-derived miR-26a	[58,59]
	Diabetic neuropathy patients demonstrate increased miR-126 within plasma-derived EVs	[60]
	EV-mediated delivery of miR-126 improved endothelial barrier function and aids in EPC recovery	[60,61]
Cancer	In A549 cells, Syndecan-1 expression caused a 184-fold upregulation of exosome-derived has-miR-485-3p, which has been shown to suppress cancer growth	[69,70]
	Tumor-derived exosomes Dicer, which converts pre-miRNAs to mature miRNAs to promote proliferation	[71]
	Bile-derived EVs from CCA patients have upregulated miR-191, miR-486-3p, and miR-1274b and downregulated miR-195 within the CCA cells	[74,75]
	miR-21, miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200c, miR-200b, miR-203, miR-205, and miR-214 are upregulated in both OC tumor cells and OC-derived exosomes, while miR-205-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-10a-5p, miR-346, and miR-328-3p were all found to be upregulated exclusively in OC-derived exosomes	[76,77]
Heart Disease and Atherosclerosis	Fibroblast-derived exosomes mediate cardiac hypertrophy via potential miR-21 dependent mechanism	[81]
	miR-92a-3p, miR-222-3p, and miR-26a-5p are selectively sorted into MVs through an oxLDL-dependent mechanism	[83]
	KLF2 assists with packaging miR-143/145 into EVs for atheroprotective effect of SMCs	[88]