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. 2020 Apr 8;12(4):914. doi: 10.3390/cancers12040914

Figure 5.

Figure 5

DFE induces caspase-dependent apoptosis leading to PCa cell death. (A) LNCaP and C4-2 cells were exposed to vehicle or DFE for 24 h. Apoptotic cells (%) were subsequently measured by Annexin V/ propidium iodide (PI) staining flow cytometry-based assay. Data represented the mean ± SD of triplicate analyses. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. (B) The enzymatic activity of caspase-3 was induced by DFE in a dose-dependent manner. Luminescence (RFU: Relative Fluorescence Unit) was determined by Caspase-Glo® 3 Assay System (Promega). Data represented as the mean ± SD of triplicate assays. (C) The protein expression levels of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were determined by Western blotting in PCa cells exposed to vehicle (−) or DFE (160 µg/mL; +). DFE decreased caspase-3 (Casp-3; 35 kDa) and PARP (116 kDa), and increased cleaved (c)-Casp-3 (17 kDa) and c-PARP (89 kDa) in LNCaP and C4-2 cells. β-actin was a loading control.