Voacangine specifically inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis. (a) Effect of voacangine on chemoinvasion induced by various growth factors (VEGF, TNF-α, bFGF, PDGF-BB, and EGF). *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01 versus control of representative growth factors. -: Non-treated (b) Quantitation of the results from human p-RTKs array assay in HUVECs. The images are the representative of three independent experiments. Each value represents the mean ± S.D. from three independent experiments. *** p < 0.001, * p < 0.05 versus control. NT: non-treated control, Voa: voacangine-treated.