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. 2020 Apr 1;10(4):206. doi: 10.3390/brainsci10040206

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Experimental design for the identification of long-term effects of probiotic administration in MitoPark Parkinson’s disease (PD) mice (n = 20). Daily administration of probiotics was treated from the age of 8 weeks to 24 weeks in MitoPark PD mice. Behavioral tests, including rotarod, beam balance, and gait analysis, were performed every two weeks to test the time-course effects during treatment. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was applied at the age of 24 weeks to identify the neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic cells following probiotic intervention.