FIGURE 3.

Influence of transcription or transcription factors on double‐strand break (DSB) repair. (2.1) Transcriptionally active regions promote homologous recombination (HR) repair via an interaction between H3 K36 methylation and the lens epithelium‐derived growth factor‐C‐terminal binding protein interacting protein (LEDGF‐CtIP) complex. The histone methyltransferase SET domain containing 2 (SETD2) induces the H3 K36 methylation that is required for the recruitment of RAD51 and replication protein A (RPA) at DSB sites to promote HR. In G2/S‐phase cells, DSB‐induced R‐loops at transcription sites are stabilized and processed by RAD52 and XPG to promote HR. (2.2) RNA also supports DSB repair. RNAs are produced and processed at DSB sites by RNAPII, and DICER and DROSHA recruit DSB repair proteins to promote DSB repair. lncRNAs are also recognized by breast cancer type 1 (BRCA1) to promote HR by recruiting BRCA2 and RNaseH2. RNA could be used as a template of HR in yeast. In G1‐phase cells, CSB recruits HR factors such as RPA, RAD51, and RAD52 and promotes HR at transcription sites