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. 2020 Apr 8;12(4):913. doi: 10.3390/cancers12040913

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Gracillin exerts inhibitory effects on the viability and colony formation of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. (A) The effects of gracillin on the viability of breast cancer cells were determined by crystal violet assay. (B,C) The effects of gracillin on the colony formation of breast cancer cells were determined by anchorage-dependent colony formation assay (B) and soft agar colony formation assay (C). (D,E) The proapoptotic effects of gracillin were determined by the analysis of Hoechst 33342-stained cells (D) and Western blot (E). The bars represent the mean ± SD; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001, as determined by a two-tailed Student’s t-test by comparison with the vehicle-treated control group. Con: control; GRA: gracillin; Cl-Cas 3: cleaved caspase-3; Cl-PARP: cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase.