Figure 2.

CIN drives trunk and branch alterations to contribute to tumor evolution and metastasis. Illustration showing the tree-like ‘trunk’ and ‘branch’ alterations driven by CIN. In general, trunk alterations are early events that are conserved in all subsequent cellular progeny, whereas branch alterations are subsequent genetic alterations that direct clonal evolution and intratumoral heterogeneity to drive disease progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Note that the color changes coincide with cells that have accrued additional genetic alterations (e.g., CIN).