Table 3.
Summary of Tau PTMs and propensity for protein aggregation.
| Post-Translational Modification | Isoform and Residues Modified | Author & Year | Aggregation | Formation of Oligomers | Formation of Fibrillar Aggregates | Formation of Amorphous Aggregates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetylation | 4R2N: K280/K281 | Trzeciakiewicz et al., 2017 [106] | Increase | - | Increase | - |
| 4R2N: K163/K174/K190/K224/K234/K240/K254/K280/K281/K290/K311/K375/K385/K395 | Ferreon et al., 2018 [109] | Decrease | - | Decrease | - | |
| 4R0N: K321, K259/K290/K321/K353, K290/K321, K274 | Carlomagno et al., 2017 [111] | Decrease | - | Decrease | - | |
| 4R2N: K163, K174, K224, K225, K234, K240, K259, K274, K280, K290/K321, K294, K298, K317, K353, K369 | Kamah et al., 2014 [110] | Decrease | - | Decrease | - | |
| 4R2N: K280 | Haj-Yahya and Lashuel, 2018 [107] | Increase | Increase | Decrease | - | |
| 4R, Tau-K18: K163/K280/K281/K369 | Cohen et al., 2011 [108] | Increase | - | Increase | - | |
| Carbamylation | 4R2N: K311, K280, K311/K280 | KrishnaKumar et al., 2018 [112] | Increase | - | Increase | - |
| C-terminal Truncation | 4R2N: D421, E391 | Yin and Kuret, 2006 [113] | Increase | - | Increase | - |
| Glycation | 4R2N: K67, K148, K163, K180, K190, K259, K267, K274, K281, K290, K298, K311, K317, K321, K331, K340, K343, K353, K369, K370, K375, K383, K385, K395 | Liu et al., 2016 [114] | Increase | - | Increase | - |
| 3R2N: K24, K163, K174, K180, K190, K254, K259, K267, K311, K343, K353, K369, K385 | Liu et al., 2016 [114] | Increase | - | Increase | - | |
| Methylation | 4R2N: Multiple residues* | Funk et al., 2014 [121] | Decrease | - | Decrease | - |
| Nitration | 4R2N: Y18, Y394 | Reynolds et al., 2005 [122] | Decrease | - | Decrease | - |
| O-GlcNAcylation | 4R2N: S400 | Yuzwa et al., 2014 [119] | Decrease | - | Decrease | - |
| Phosphorylation | 4R2N: S68, T169, S214, S262, S285, S319, S356, T403 | Liu et al., 2016 [114] | Increase | - | Increase | - |
| 3R1N: T71 | Liu et al., 2016 [114] | Increase | - | Increase | - | |
| 4R0N: T111, S198, S214, S237, S238, S241, S258, S324, S352, S356, S400, S404 | Liu et al., 2016 [114] | Decrease | - | Decrease | - | |
| 3R2N: S235, S237, S324 | Liu et al., 2016 [114] | Decrease | - | Decrease | - | |
| Proteolytic cleavage | 4R2N: D421 | Mead et al., 2016 [115] | Increase | - | - | Increase |
| Pseudo-phosphorylation | 4R2N: S199, S199/S202/T205, T212, S214, T212/S214, S396/S404, | Necula and Kuret, 2004 [116] | Increase | - | Increase | - |
| 4R2N: S235 | Necula and Kuret, 2004 [116] | Decrease | - | Decrease | - | |
| 4R2N: T212 | Chang et al., 2011 [117] | Increase | - | Increase | - | |
| S-Guanylation | 3R2N: C291 | Yoshitake et al., 2016 [120] | Decrease | Decrease | Decrease | - |
| 4R2N: C291, C322 | Yoshitake et al., 2016 [120] | Decrease | Decrease | Decrease | - | |
| SUMOylation | 4R2N: K340 | Luo et al., 2014 [118] | Increase | - | - | - |
* Tau methylation at multiple residues across the protein.