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. 2020 Apr 15;12(4):975. doi: 10.3390/cancers12040975

Table 1.

The picture describes the main genetic features characterizing the virus-related, the mutagens-related HSNCC and the HPV positive but not related HSNCC.

HPV-related HSNCC Alcohol and Tobacco related HSNCC HPV-positive (but not related) HSNCC
-P16 upregulation (not mutated INK-4 gene)
-CCND1 wild type
-TP53 wild type
-Low number of genic/chromosomal abnormalities
-Higher rate of PI3Kca mutations
-Extensive TSG promoters methylation
-High immune infiltrate		 -P16 downregulation (INK-4 mutations)
-TP53 mutations
-CCND1 amplification
-High number of genic/chromosomal abnormalities
-Low immune infiltrate 		-P16 upregulation (not mutated INK-4 gene)
-TP53 mutations
-CCND1 amplification
-High number of genic/chromosomal abnormalities
-Low immune infiltrate

CCND1: Cyclin D1; PI3Kca: the gene encoding for protein 3 Kinase; TSG: tumor suppressor genes; INK-4: INhibitors of CDK4; HPV: human papillomavirus; HSNCC: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.