Table 1.

Cognitive studies in premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

Author	Year	Sample Size	Cognitive Task	Hormone Assays	Group or Phase Differences
Rapkin et al. [70]	1989	10 PMS 9 controls	Mental arithmetic, perceptual speed test	No	No significant group or phase differences
Diener et al. [65]	1992	8 ‘high symptom’ PMS, 8 ‘low symptom’ PMS	Digit Span, letter detection	No	↓ performance in “high symptom” group in luteal phase
Keenan et al. [66]	1992	14 PMS 10 controls	California Verbal Learning Test, Stroop task, Trails A and B, verbal fluency, finger tapping, grip strength, digit span	No	Significant group, non-phase-dependent impairment in California Verbal Learning Test, ↓ performance in Trails B task in the luteal phase (performance still within standardized range for healthy females)
Morgan et al. [69]	1996	30 PMS 31 controls	Color trail-making, figure maze test, block design, figure memory, verbal paragraph recall, visual memory, digit symbol test, digit span	Urine LH ovulation test	No significant group or phase differences.
Slyepchenko et al. [67]	2017	13 Mod/Severe PMS 27 Mild/no PMS	Hopkins verbal learning test, letter–number sequencing, N-back task, finger tapping, emotional Stroop task	No	↓ performance in N-back task in the follicular phase of moderate/severe PMS group.

“↓” means “Reduced”.