Figure 3.

Spearman rank correlation facing KYNA levels in CSF with age, MMSE, disease duration, and Aβ₄₂ and t-tau levels within the AD-biomarker-diagnostic groups. Spearman rank correlation between KYNA levels in CSF, and age (a,b), Aβ₄₂ levels (a,c), and t-tau levels (a,d). Abbreviations: MCI, mild cognitive impairment; AD, Alzheimer’s disease dementia; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; PSP, progressive supranuclear palsy; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; Aβ₄₂, amyloid-β 42; t-tau, total tau; KYNA, kynurenic acid; Aβ⁺, positive AD biomarker profile; Aβ⁻, negative AD biomarker profile. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.