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. 2020 Mar 26;9(4):806. doi: 10.3390/cells9040806

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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GAL1-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway alteration assessed through microarray and Western blotting analyses: (A) A heatmap revealed upregulation and downregulation of genes with at least 2-fold difference between the GAL1-vector and GAL1-KD cells. (B) Top five gene enrichment pathways in KEGG pathway analysis. (C) Heatmap of the 13 altered genes in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the BFTC-909 cells (GAL-vector and GAL1-KD). (D) Western blotting of GAL1 knockdown or overexpression in the FAK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in the BFTC-909, T24, and J82 cells. Mock: Cells were treated with DMSO vehicle only. β-Actin was used as the protein-loading control.