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. 2020 Apr 23;9(4):1053. doi: 10.3390/cells9041053

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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In vivo effect of lactate, NAM, and CHC upon RCC microtumors. Representative in ovo and ex ovo pictures of chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay at final timepoint (A). Quantification of tumor growth (B) and total of blood vessels (C) in CAM tumors. Representative pictures (D) and graphics (E) of immunoexpression in CAM-developed tumors according to exposure to chemicals; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 and ^ns p > 0.05 (non-significant) Abbreviations: CTR—control, CHC—alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate, LAC—20 mM lactate, NAM—200µM nicotinamide, NCAD—N-cadherin.