Table 1.
Mean and standard deviation of the soil chemical properties of the primary forest, pasture, Amazonian Dark Earth, and várzea sites.
| Properties | Units | Primary forest | Pasture | Amazonian Dark Earth | Várzea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH | - | 3.53 ± 0.06 c | 4.37 ± 0.29 ab | 4.83 ± 0.23 a | 4.07 ± 0.06 b |
| SOM | g dm−3 | 32.67 ± 3.51 bc | 40.33 ± 19.66 ab | 70.67 ± 13.05 a | 7.33 ± 1.15 c |
| N | mg kg−1 | 1,822.33 ± 77.42 b | 2,837.33 ± 1,277.18 ab | 3,894.33 ± 610.26 a | 1,348.67 ± 271.14 b |
| P | mg dm−3 | 6.00 ± 1.00 b | 7.67 ± 4.62 ab | 15.67 ± 3.51 a | 14.67 ± 4.04 ab |
| S | mg dm−3 | 6.00 ± 2.00 a | 4.67 ± 1.15 a | 14.00 ± 2.00 a | 13.00 ± 12.29 a |
| K | mmolc dm−3 | 0.37 ± 0.06 c | 1.63 ± 0.85 ab | 0.67 ± 0.15 bc | 1.97 ± 0.06 a |
| Ca | mmolc dm−3 | 3.00 ± 0.00 b | 16.00 ± 13.86 b | 130.67 ± 6.66 a | 5.67 ± 1.53 b |
| Mg | mmolc dm−3 | 1.67 ± 0.58 b | 6.00 ± 4.36 b | 18.00 ± 3.00 a | 5.33 ± 1.53 b |
| Al | mmolc dm−3 | 12.33 ± 0.58 a | 4.67 ± 3.21 b | 1.00 ± 0.00 b | 16.00 ± 1.73 a |
| H + Al | mmolc dm−3 | 82.00 ± 5.20 a | 56.00 ± 3.46 ab | 33.33 ± 11.72 b | 75.33 ± 19.63 a |
| SB | mmolc dm−3 | 4.70 ± 1.21 b | 23.63 ± 17.90 b | 149.33 ± 3.64 a | 12.97 ± 3.05 b |
| CEC | mmolc dm−3 | 86.70 ± 3.98 b | 79.63 ± 14.44 b | 182.67 ± 8.09 a | 88.30 ± 22.31 b |
| V | % | 5.33 ± 1.15 c | 27.67 ± 15.89 b | 82.00 ± 5.29 a | 14.67 ± 2.08 bc |
| m | % | 72.67 ± 6.35 a | 22.67 ± 18.01 b | 1.00 ± 0.00 b | 55.67 ± 3.79 a |
| B | mg dm−3 | 0.41 ± 0.03 a | 0.41 ± 0.04 a | 0.22 ± 0.08 b | 0.23 ± 0.02 b |
| Cu | mg dm−3 | 0.23 ± 0.06 b | 0.53 ± 0.32 b | 0.37 ± 0.21 b | 3.53 ± 1.38 a |
| Fe | mg dm−3 | 99.67 ± 43.68 a | 87.67 ± 17.01 a | 67.00 ± 31.19 a | 118.67 ± 9.29 a |
| Mn | mg dm−3 | 3.53 ± 2.92 b | 5.47 ± 6.62 b | 15.93 ± 8.24 b | 115.10 ± 62.73 a |
| Zn | mg dm−3 | 0.47 ± 0.15 b | 1.33 ± 1.29 ab | 0.23 ± 0.06 b | 3.03 ± 1.19 a |
Different letters indicate significant differences among sites according to the Tukey's post-hoc test (p < 0.05). SOM, soil organic matter; H + Al, potential acidity; SB, sum of bases; CEC, cation-exchange capacity; V, base saturation; m, aluminum saturation.