Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| ≤3 days ABn=137 (%) | ≥4 days ABn=159 (%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean SD | 71.4 (15.1) | 73.8 (13.0) | 0.14 |
| Male gender | 67 (48.9) | 77 (48.4) | 0.94 |
| Relevant comorbiditya | |||
| – Diabetes | 25 (18.2) | 33 (20.8) | 0.59 |
| – COPD | 16 (11.7) | 14 (8.8) | 0.41 |
| – Immunodeficiencyb | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.6) | 0.92 |
| Previous cholecystectomy, n (%) | 32 (23.4) | 43 (27.0) | 0.47 |
| Tokyo severity score | 0.03 | ||
| – Grade I | 36 (26.3) | 31 (19.5) | |
| – Grade II | 96 (70.1) | 110 (69.2) | |
| – Grade III | 5 (3.6) | 18 (11.3) | |
| Timing ERCP after admission, median in days (IQR) | 2 (1–4) | 1 (1–2) | <0.01 |
| Papillotomy | 126 (92.0) | 148 (93.1) | 0.72 |
| Stent used to retrieve adequate drainage | 20 (14.6) | 28 (17.6) | 0.48 |
| Positive blood culturec | 62 (45.3) | 98 (61.6) | <0.01 |
| Treatment centre | 0.06 | ||
| – Tertiary care hospital | 23 (16.8) | 13 (8.2) | |
| – Teaching hospital | 68 (49.6) | 93 (58.5) | |
| – Non-teaching hospital | 46 (33.6) | 53 (33.3) |
aEach patient could have multiple comorbidities.
bImmunodeficiency: drug induced or as the result of an infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
cEach blood culture could contain multiple bacteria.
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; IQR: interquartile range; AB: antibiotics.