Table 1.
Biomolecules included in exosomes and their role in the progression of ovarian cancer.
| Molecules | Type of Molecules | Recipient Cell | Role | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATF2, MTA1, ROCK1/2 | Protein | HUVEC | Angiogenesis | [31] |
| MALATI | Protein | HUVEC | Angiogenesis and peritoneal dissemination | [32] |
| sE-cad | Protein | HUVEC | Angiogenesis and peritoneal dissemination | [33] |
| MTI-MMP, MMP-2, MMP-9, uPA | Protein | Cancer cell | Invasion | [34] |
| CD24, EpCAM | Protein | Cancer cell | Invasion | [35] |
| soluble L1(CD171) | Protein | Cancer cell | Migration | [36] |
| TGF-β | Protein | Cancer cell | EMT and migration | [37] |
| miR223 | miRNA | Cancer cell | Chemoresistance | [38] |
| let7a-f, miR-200a-c | miRNA | Local invasion and metastasis | [39] | |
| NKG2D, DNAM-1 ligand |
Protein | NK cells | Immunosuppression | [40] |
| ARG-1 | Protein | T-cell | Immunosuppression | [41] |
| Phosphatidylserine | Phospholipid | T-cell | Immunosuppression | [42] |
| Fas ligand | Protein | T-cell | Immunosuppression | [43] |
| miR21-3p, miR125b-5p, miR181d-5p | mRNA | Macrophage | Proliferation/migration (M2 polarization of macrophages) |
[44] |
| miR-940, miR-222-3p |
miRNA | TAMs | M2 phenotype polarization, Proliferation and migration |
[45] |
| MMP1 mRNAs | mRNA | MeT-5 HPMC |
Destruction of the peritoneal mesothelial barrier |
[21] |
| miR-99a-5p | miRNA | HPMCs | Destruction of the peritoneal mesothelium barrier |
[46] |
| CD44 | Protein | HPMCs | Tumor cell invasion for peritoneal dissemination | [47] |
Abbreviations: ATF2, activating transcription factor 2; MTA1, metastasis associated 1; ROCK1/2, rho-associated kinase 1/2; sE-cad, soluble E cadherin; MALAT1, metastasis associated in lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1; ARG-1, arginase-1; NKG2D, natural killer group 2, member D; DNAM-1, DNAX accessory molecule-1; EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule; MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; uPA, urokinase-type plasminogen activator; MT1, metallothionein 1; TGF-β, transforming growth factor; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell; NK cell, natural killer cell; PBMC, peritoneal blood mononuclear cell; TAM, tumor-associated macrophage; HPMC, human peritoneal mesothelial cell.