Table 1.
Proposed therapies for COVID-19 targeting senescent cells or their signaling molecules.
| Agent | Study Related to COVID-19 Therapy | Target/Pathways Related to Cellular Senescence | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tocilizumab (atlizumab) | Clinical trial (ChiCTR2000029765) | Blocker of IL-6R, IL-6 is among the most common SASP factor | [28,29] |
| Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin | Clinical Trial (NCT04322396) and other pilot studies |
Azithromycin exerts senolytic activity of human senescent lung fibroblasts; Hydroxychloroquine induces senescence in endothelial cells | [18,20,21] |
| Ruxolitinib | Bioinformatic study (supported by BenevolentAI) Clinical trial (NCT04331665) |
JAK inhibitor, SASP suppressor | [15,16,17] |
| Rapamycin | Network-based drug repurposing methodology for HCoV | Inhibitor of mTOR, SASP suppressor | [12,13] |
| Melatonin | Network-based drug repurposing methodology for HCoV | SASP suppressor in lung fibroblasts | [12,14] |
HCoV: Human coronaviruses; IL-6R: Interleukin-6 receptor; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; SASP: senescence-associated secretory phenotype; JAK: Janus kinases.