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. 2020 Apr 2;9(4):857. doi: 10.3390/cells9040857

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Differential roles of JNK1 and JNK2 in skin cancers. In BCC, JNK1/2 activates Jun/Fos, and enhances their interaction with phosphorylated ATF2, which then enhances SHH/Gli induced tumorigenesis. In SCC, MKK4/7 activates JNK1 and JNK2. JNK1 induces apoptosis, whereas JNK2 promotes carcinogenesis in an AP1-dependent manner. SCCA1 promotes SCC via inhibition of JNK1 and CYLD inhibits SCC via suppression of JNK2/AP1 cascade. In melanoma, the MALT1, MKK4/7, and JNK/AP1 signaling cascade promotes melanoma cell proliferation and migration, whereas CYLD inhibits it.