| Abbr. | Terms |
| aa | amino acid |
| AD | Alzheimer’s Disease |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| AP | activator protein |
| APC | adenomatous polyposis coli |
| Bcl | B cell lymphoma |
| BM | bone marrow |
| β-TrCP | F-box containing E3 ligase β-transducin repeat-containing protein |
| C/EBP | CCAAT/enhancer binding protein |
| cAMP | cyclic adenosine monophosphate |
| CBP | CREB binding protein |
| CCL | C-C-motif chemokine ligand |
| CIA | collagen-induced arthritis |
| CoV | Coronavirus |
| CoV-N | Coronavirus nucelocapsid |
| COX | cyclooxygenase |
| CREB | cAMP-responsive element binding protein |
| CXCL | C-X-C-motif chemokine ligand |
| EH | ephedrine hydrochloride |
| ER | endoplasmic reticulum |
| ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| ET | edema toxin |
| Fox | forkhead box protein |
| Fra | Fos-related antigen |
| FT | Francisella tularensis |
| GP29 | β-1,4-galactose terminal glycoprotein |
| GS | glycogen synthase |
| GSK | glycogen synthase kinase |
| HBV | Hepatitis B virus |
| HCV | Hepatitis C virus |
| HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| HUVEC | human umbilical vein endothelial cells |
| Hsp90 | heat shock protein 90 |
| IFN | interferon |
| IKK | IκB kinase |
| IL | interleukin |
| iNOS | inducible NO synthase |
| IRF | interferon response factor |
| IκB | inhibitor of κB |
| JNK | Jun N-terminal kinase |
| KO | knock-out |
| LANA | latency-associated nuclear antigen |
| LAP | liver-enriched activating protein |
| LD | Leishmania donovani |
| LIP | liver-enriched inhibitory protein |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| Mcl | myeloid cell leukemia |
| MIP | macrophage inflammatory protein |
| MMP | matrix metalloprotease |
| mTORC | mechanistic target of rapamycin complex |
| Myb | myoblastosis |
| Myc | avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (Myc) |
| NEMO | NF-κB essential modifier |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor κB |
| NLS | nuclear localization sequence |
| NO | nitric oxide |
| P70-S6K | p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase |
| P90-RSK | p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinase |
| PGN | peptidoglycan |
| PI3K | phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase |
| PKA | protein kinase A |
| PKB/Akt | protein kinase B |
| PKC | protein kinase C |
| PKG | cGMP-dependent protein kinase |
| PLIN | perilipin |
| PP | protein phosphatase |
| PSP | progressive supranuclear palsy |
| PTEN | phosphatase and tensin homolog |
| PTPRO | protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| SIRT | sirtuin |
| STAT | signal transducer and activator of transcription |
| TBK | TANK-binding kinase |
| TF | transcription factor |
| TGF | transforming growth factor |
| TLR | toll-like receptor |
| TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
| Tst | Tuberculin skin test reactivity, absence of |
| UTR | untranslated region |
| Wnt | wingless-type MMTV integration site family member |
| WT | wildtype |