Figure 7.

Effect of the natural sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene (50 µM), doxorubicin (20 µM) and their combination compared the control on the cell cycle progression in Mz-ChA-1 cholangiocarcinoma cells and H69 noncancerous cholangiocytes. The cells were treated for 24 h, then the pellets were harvested, fixed with 70% ethanol and stained with propidium iodide for the cytofluorimetric analysis. (A) Representative histograms showing the percentages of cells in different cell cycle phases after treatments in Mz-ChA-1 and H69 cells. (B) Bar graph analysis obtained from at least two independent replicates (data expressed as mean ± standard error). ^§§p < 0.01 and ^§§§p < 0.001 (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison post-test) denote a significant difference of G0/G1 phase in the treatments compared the control. ***p < 0.001 (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison post-test) denotes a significant difference of S phase in the treatments compared the control.). ^°p < 0.05 and ^°°°p < 0.001 (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison post-test) denotes a significant difference of G2/M phase in the treatments compared the control. ^⊥p < 0.001 (t-Student test) denotes a significant difference with respect to doxorubicin.