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. 2020 Apr 16;9(4):990. doi: 10.3390/cells9040990

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Examples of potential diagnoses and treatments that are biased against women. Male factor is indicated in blue; female factor is indicated in pink; unknown factor is indicated in yellow. For each of these factors we provide two examples of current diagnoses and their respective current treatment. In the case of unexplained infertility with obscure male cause, we also provide what should be the aim of future diagnostic tools and treatments. TESA, testicular sperm aspiration; TESE, testicular sperm extraction; TIC, timed intercourse; IUI, intrauterine insemination; IVF, in vitro fertilization; ICSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection.