Table 1.

Operational definitions.

Variable	Operational Definition
Mobilization techniques	Defined as slow repetitive non-thrust oscillatory motions of varying amplitudes (Xia et al., 2016).
Manipulation therapy	Defined as a single high-velocity low-amplitude thrust targeting a joint (Xia et al., 2016).
Massage therapy	Defined as the mechanical stimulation of soft tissues (Moyer et al., 2004).
Force	Defined as magnitude of strength or energy applied to a tissue/joint.
Amplitude	Defined as the range or depth of the movement being applied to a tissue/joint.
Direction	Defined as the direction of the movement being performed.
Duration	Defined as the length of treatment.
Movement frequency	Defined as the rate of movement being applied to a tissue/joint.