Table 2.

Disease-free survival and overall survival estimate for the included trials

Study	Number of patients		Disease-free survival		Overall survival
	Experimental arm	Control arm	Hazard ratio	95% CI	Hazard ratio	95% CI
Kalser et al. [5]	21	22	0.45	0.25–0.83	0.51	0.28–0.94
Lygidakis et al. [8]
CIT vs. AC	43	45	0.63	0.42–0.96	0.61	0.40–0.93
CIT vs. observation	43	40	0.49	0.32–0.75	0.60	0.39–0.92
AC vs. observation	45	40	0.57	0.37–0.87	0.65	0.42–1.00
Takada et al. [9]	81	77	0.97a	0.93–1.30	0.86	0.63–1.18
Neoptolemos et al .[10]b
CRT vs. no CRT	145	144	1.27	1.01–1.60	1.28	0.99–1.66
AC vs. no AC	147	142	0.76	0.60–0.96	0.71	0.55–0.92
Kosuge et al. [34]	45	44	1.03	0.68–1.56	1.18	0.78–1.79
Smeenk et al. [20]	110	108	0.94	0.70–1.26	0.91	0.68–1.23
Morak et al. [35]	59	61	0.64	0.45–0.92	0.81	0.57–1.16
Yoshitomi et al. [17]	50	49	1.09	0.74–1.62	1.24	0.84–1.84
Ueno et al. [6]	58	60	0.60	0.40–0.89	0.77	0.51–1.14
Neoptolemos et al. [36]	537	551	0.96	0.84–1.10	0.94	0.81–1.08
Van Laethem et al. [21]	45	45	1.00	0.66–1.51	1.01	0.67–1.53
Schmidt et al. [22]c	53	57	0.91	0.63–1.31	0.88	0.61–1.27
Oettle et al. [7]d	179	175	0.55	0.44–0.69	0.76	0.61–0.95
Shimoda et al. [37]	29	28	0.67	0.40–1.11	0.70	0.36–1.36
Uesaka et al. [38]c	187	190	0.60	0.47–0.76	0.57	0.44–0.72
Neoptolemos et al. [39]	364	366	0.86	0.73–1.02	0.82	0.68–0.98
Sinn et al. [18]	219	217	0.94	0.76–1.15	0.93	0.70–1.23
Reni et al. [24]	67	63	1.12	0.78–1.61	1.06	0.73–1.55
Berlin et al. [23]	30	26	0.53	0.30–0.96	0.86	0.41–1.81
Conroy et al. [19]	247	246	0.58	0.46–0.73	0.64	0.48–0.86

^aHazard ratio for 5-year disease-free survival

^bThis trial was designed as a two-by-two factorial design to test two comparisons: chemoradiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Patients were randomly assigned to chemoradiotherapy-alone group (n = 73), chemotherapy-alone group (n = 75), both chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy group (n = 72), and observation group (n = 69)

^cThese trials were analyzed by per-protocol population

^dThe long-term outcomes of CONKO-001 trial