Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants in the development and validation cohort
| Level | Development cohort | Validation cohort | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 11,221 | n = 5604 | p-value | ||
| Female, (%) | 4819 (42.9) | 2753 (49.1) | < 0.001 | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 53.9 (5.4) | 50.2 (5.2) | < 0.001 | |
| Educational levela, n(%) | Low | 2924 (26.1) | 1390 (24.8) | 0.12 |
| Medium | 4349 (38.8) | 2253 (40.2) | ||
| High | 3948 (35.2) | 1961 (35.0) | ||
| SF-12 physical healthb, mean (SD) | 52.4 (7.0) | 52.2 (7.4) | 0.07 | |
| Physically fitc, n(%) | 4502 (40.4) | 2535 (45.4) | < 0.001 | |
| Physical job loadd, mean (SD) | 1.8 (0.9) | 1.9 (0.9) | < 0.001 | |
| Knowledge and skills match the job, n(%) | Bad/mediocre | 488 (4.4) | 255 (4.6) | 0.54 |
| Reasonable/good | 10,687 (95.6) | 5323 (95.4) | ||
| Major life events previous year, n(%) | 0 | 5877 (52.4) | 3239 (57.8) | < 0.001 |
| 1 | 3577 (31.9) | 1640 (29.3) | ||
| ≥2 | 1767 (15.7) | 725 (12.9) | ||
| Work abilitye, mean (SD) | 8.0 (1.4) | 8.1 (1.4) | 0.10 | |
| Sickness absence days previous year, mean (SD) | 2.9 (5.1) | 2.7 (4.9) | 0.01 | |
| Employment status, n(%) | Employee | 10,066 (89.7) | 5056 (90.2) | 0.30 |
| Self-employed | 1155 (10.3) | 548 (9.8) |
SD = standard deviation, SF = Short Form Health Survey
aLow: lower general secondary educational, preparatory secondary vocational education. Medium: intermediate vocational training, higher general secondary education, pre-university education. High: higher vocational education, university education
bWeighted summary score (range 0–100) assessing physical health using 6 items of the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey. Higher scores indicating better perceived health
cIntensive physical exercise at least ≥3 days per week for ≥20 min
dAverage of five items (range: 1 = never, 5 = always) from the Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire [22]
eMeasured with the first item of the Work Ability Index (WAI) [23]