Table 1.
Main data of participants at Fin-HIT baseline and comparison according to type of feeding
| All n = 423 | No infant formula n = 175 | Infant formula n = 248 | P - value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous variables | Mean (SD) | |||
| Adolescent’s age (y) | 11.7 (0.3) | 11.7 (0.3) | 11.7 (0.3) | 0.074 |
| Parent’s age (y) | 44.0 (5.7) | 44.3 (5.4) | 43.8 (5.8) | 0.389 |
| Adolescent’s body mass index (kg/m2) a | 18.0 (2.9) | 17.7 (2.8) | 18.2 (2.9) | 0.077 |
| Alpha diversity b | ||||
| Shannon Index | 2.9 (0.3) | 2.9 (0.3) | 2.9 (0.3) | 0.877 |
| Inverse Simpson | 10.1 (3.1) | 10.1 (3.2) | 10.1 (2.3) | 0.949 |
| Categorical variables | Frequency (%) | |||
| Adolescent’s gender | ||||
| Male | 204 (48.2) | 82 (46.9) | 122 (49.2) | 0.636 |
| Female | 219 (51.8) | 93 (53.1) | 126 (50.8) | |
| Type of delivery c | ||||
| Vaginal | 325 (81.1) | 144 (88.3) | 181 (76.1) | 0.002 |
| C-section | 76 (18.9) | 19 (11.7) | 57 (23.9) | |
| Parent’s language | ||||
| Finnish | 382 (90.3) | 156 (89.1) | 226 (91.1) | 0.638 |
| Swedish | 36 (8.5) | 16 (9.2) | 20 (8.1) | |
| Other | 5 (1.2) | 3 (1.7) | 2 (0.8) | |
| Parent’s education d | ||||
| High school/ technical level | 165 (40.4) | 72 (43.4) | 93 (38.4) | 0.318 |
| University degree | 243 (59.6) | 94 (56.6) | 149 (61.6) | |
an = 413 due to missing data
b Adjusted for adolescent’s gender, age, and body mass index, type of delivery, parent’s education, and sequence reads
cn = 401 due to missing data
dn = 408 due to missing data