Table 2.
Item-total correlation and internal consistency of Health Belief Model Scale for oral health behaviors
| Items of subscale | Mean | SD | Item-total correlation | Cronbach’s α If item deleted (n = 421) | Cronbach’s α of the subscale (n = 421) | Test-retest intra-class correlation (n = 40) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subscale of perceived susceptibility | 0.81 | 0.82 | |||||
| SUS1 | There is a chance that I will get caries. | 2.73 | 1.00 | 0.69 | – | ||
| SUS2 | There is a chance that I will have periodontal disease. | 2.47 | 0.95 | 0.69 | – | ||
| Subscale of perceived benefits | 0.90 | 0.80 | |||||
| BEN3 | I think brushing and flossing can make teeth healthier. | 4.13 | 0.77 | 0.73 | 0.88 | ||
| BEN5 | I think brushing and flossing can prevent oral diseases from happening. | 4.14 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.87 | ||
| BEN6 | I think brushing and flossing can make teeth look good. | 4.09 | 0.73 | 0.77 | 0.88 | ||
| BEN7 | I think brushing and flossing can keep breath fresh. | 4.02 | 0.81 | 0.72 | 0.88 | ||
| BEN8 | I think brushing and flossing can prevent inconvenient eating caused by oral diseases. | 4.11 | 0.78 | 0.66 | 0.89 | ||
| BEN9 | I think brushing and flossing can help me avoid spending more time on dental treatment in the future. | 3.81 | 0.84 | 0.66 | 0.89 | ||
| BEN10 | I think brushing and flossing can help me avoid spending more money on dental treatment in the future. | 3.78 | 0.91 | 0.62 | 0.89 | ||
| Subscale of perceived barriers | 0.84 | 0.88 | |||||
| BAR11 | I think it is difficult for me to brush twice a day. | 1.83 | 0.92 | 0.47 | 0.83 | ||
| BAR15 | I think it’s a waste of time to brush and floss. | 1.99 | 0.90 | 0.59 | 0.81 | ||
| BAR16 | I think I do not have enough time to have an annual dental visit. | 2.55 | 1.09 | 0.54 | 0.82 | ||
| BAR17 | I am afraid of undergoing tooth treatment, so I don’t have dental visits annually. | 1.93 | 0.89 | 0.68 | 0.79 | ||
| BAR18 | I think we have no money at my home, so I don’t have an annual dental visit. | 1.94 | 0.97 | 0.68 | 0.79 | ||
| BAR19 | I think the dental clinic is far from my home, so I don’t have an annual dental visit. | 2.06 | 1.01 | 0.71 | 0.78 | ||
| Subscale pf cues to action | 0.85 | 0.85 | |||||
| CUE20 | Parents often reminds me of brushing and flossing | 2.48 | 1.13 | 0.58 | 0.92 | ||
| CUE21 | Classmates often reminds me of brushing and flossing. | 1.87 | 1.02 | 0.79 | 0.72 | ||
| CUE22 | Teachers often reminds me of brushing and flossing. | 1.95 | 1.04 | 0.79 | 0.72 | ||
| Subscale of perceived severity | 0.89 | 0.88 | |||||
| SEV24 | If I have caries, for me that is … | 3.36 | 1.05 | 0.61 | 0.88 | ||
| SEV25 | If I have periodontal disease, for me that is … | 3.86 | 1.02 | 0.71 | 0.87 | ||
| SEV26 | If my teeth do not look good because of oral diseases, for me that is … | 3.60 | 1.02 | 0.72 | 0.87 | ||
| SEV27 | If I have bad breath because of oral diseases, for me that is … | 3.80 | 0.98 | 0.79 | 0.86 | ||
| SEV28 | If I can’t sleep well because of oral diseases, for me that is … | 1.06 | 1.02 | 0.69 | 0.87 | ||
| SEV29 | If I can’t eat my favorite food because of oral diseases, for me that is … | 4.12 | 1.05 | 0.60 | 0.88 | ||
| SEV30 | If I get laughed at by classmates because of oral diseases, for me that is … | 3.82 | 1.07 | 0.64 | 0.88 | ||
| Subscale of self-efficacy | 0.97 | 0.91 | |||||
| EFF | How confident you are that you will brush your teeth for 2 min twice daily on the circumstances below? | ||||||
| EFF33 | When you are under a lot of stress | 3.77 | 1.04 | 0.87 | 0.96 | ||
| EFF34 | During or after experiencing personal problems | 3.74 | 1.08 | 0.88 | 0.96 | ||
| EFF35 | When you are feeling tired | 3.44 | 1.15 | 0.80 | 0.97 | ||
| EFF36 | When you don’t feel like it | 3.35 | 1.20 | 0.79 | 0.97 | ||
| EFF37 | When you are anxious | 3.78 | 1.05 | 0.91 | 0.96 | ||
| EFF38 | After experiencing family problems | 3.72 | 1.11 | 0.88 | 0.96 | ||
| EFF39 | When you have other commitments | 3.71 | 1.08 | 0.87 | 0.96 | ||
| EFF40 |
When you feel you don’t have the time |
3.49 | 1.18 | 0.84 | 0.97 | ||
| EFF41 | When you are feeling under pressure from school work | 3.69 | 1.16 | 0.84 | 0.97 | ||
| EFF42 | When you have too much work to do at home | 3.80 | 1.05 | 0.86 | 0.96 | ||