Table 2.

Comparison of 4-nitrophenol determination with Bi₂O₃@MWCNTs as with other electrocatalysts reported in literature.

Sr. No.	Electrocatalyst	Technique	Linear range	LOD (μM)	References
1	S-GCN/SPCE	i-t	0.05–90 μm	-	Rajkumar et al., 2018
2	β -CD/SiC/GCE	i-t	5–150 μM	-	Wu et al., 2018
3	Cu-Curcumin/GCE	DPV	0.1–1,030 μM	-	Bose and Ramiah, 2017
4	Ag NPs –decorated TA@Fe3O4/GCE	DPV	0.1–680 μM	-	Sangili et al., 2018
5	Au@MWCNTs/GCE	i-t	1 × 10−8 to 5 × 10−4 M	-	Al-Kahtani et al., 2018
6	SWCNT/GCE	i-t	1 × 10−8 to 5 × 10−6 M	-	Yang, 2004
7	FeOx/TiO2@mC/GCE	CV	5–310μM	0.183	Wang M. et al., 2019
8	α- MnO2/MWCNTs	CV	30–475 μM	0.186	Anbumannan et al., 2019
9	2D ZnCo2O4 Nanosheets	DPV	1–4,000 μM	0.3	Zhang et al., 2018
10	DTD/AgNPs/CPE	CV	1–100	0.25	Rounaghi et al., 2011
11	RGO/Fe3O4NPs/GCE	DPV	0.2–10 μM	0.26	Cheng et al., 2017
		SWV	20–100 μM	0.86
12	Cu2O Sheets	CV	0.006-2.72 μM	0.5	Veeramani et al., 2016
13	GNFs/GCE	CV	1–6000	0.7	Wang et al., 2014
14	Bi2O3@MWCNTs	CV	1-10 mM	0.10	This work