Table 1.
Updated list of T. gondii recombinant antigens used as molecular markers for the serodiagnosis of human toxoplasmosis.
| Antigen | Expression systema | Diagnostic test | No. and details of tested sera | Results | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GRA1 (Formerly P24) | Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG | 117 total; 45 acute, 72 chronic |
Sensitivity, 83.3% (acute-phase), 77.8% (chronic sera) |
Pietkiewicz et al., 2004 |
| GRA2 (Formerly P28) | Recombinant protein with TRX and His tag domains | IgG ELISA | 59 total pregnant women in France (24 acute, 35 chronic) 46 total pregnant women in Iran (18 acute, 28 chronic) |
Sensitivity, 95.8% (acute-phase), 65.7% (chronic sera) Sensitivity, 100% acute-phase sera, 71.4% (chronic sera) |
Golkar et al., 2007 |
| Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG ELISA | 127 total; 37 acute, 90 chronic |
Sensitivity, 100% (acute-phase), 22.5% (chronic sera) |
Holec-Gąsior et al., 2009 | |
| GRA3 | Recombinant protein with GST domain | IgG ELISA | 130 total; 100 adults, 30 infants from infected mothers |
Sensitivity, 82%; specificity, 100% | Beghetto et al., 2006 |
| GRA4 (Formerly P41) | Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG ELISA | 36 total; 12 acute,127 total; 37 22 chronic | Sensitivity, 58.3% (acute-phase), 18.2% (chronic sera) |
Nigro et al., 2003 |
| GRA5 | Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG ELISA | 189 total; 27 acute, 18 post-acute, 144 chronic |
Sensitivity, 70.9% overall; 63% (acute-phase), 50% for post-acute, 75% (chronic sera) |
Holec-Gąsior and Kur, 2010 |
| GRA6 (Formerly P32) | Recombinant protein with GST domain | IgG ELISA | 298 total; 61 acute, 132 chronic, 100 no serological evidence, 5 with persistent IgM antibodies |
Sensitivity, 86% (acute-phase); Sensitivity 89%; specificity, 99.6% between presence and absence of acute infection |
Redlich and Müller, 1998 |
| Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG ELISA | 90 total, 33 acute,127 total; 37 57 chronic | Sensitivity, 93.9% (acute-phase), 63.1% (chronic sera) | Hiszczyńska-Sawicka et al., 2005 | |
| Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG ELISA | 58 total pregnant; 24 acute (seroconversion during 4 mos prior to sampling), 34 chronic | *For cutoff value d of mean + 2 SD Sensitivity, 95.8% (acute-phase), 44.1% (chronic sera) *For cutoff value d of mean + 3 SD Sensitivity was 87.5% (acute-phase), 5.9% for chronic sera |
Golkar et al., 2008 | |
| Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG avidity | 37 total pregnant women in France (20 acute, 17 chronic) 69 total pregnant women in Iran (35 acute, 34 chronic) |
100% of chronic sera displayed high-avidity IgG antibodies against sera collected more than 4 mos after infection | Elyasi et al., 2010 | |
| GRA7 (Formerly P29) | Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG ELISA | 180 total, 95 acute, 85 chronic |
Sensitivity, 94% (acute-phase), 79% (chronic sera); specificity, 98% |
Jacobs et al., 1999 |
| Recombinant protein with CKS tag | IgG ELISA | 247 total, 89 acute, 105 chronic, 53 recent seroconversion |
Sensitivity, 83.4% | Aubert et al., 2000 | |
| Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG ELISA | 36 total, 12 acute, 22 chronic |
Sensitivity, 75% (acute-phase), 36.3% (chronic sera) |
Nigro et al., 2003 | |
| Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG ELISA | 117 total; 45 acute, 72 chronic |
Sensitivity, 95.9% (acute-phase), 68.9% (chronic sera) |
Pietkiewicz et al., 2004 | |
| Recombinant protein with GST domain | IgG ELISA | 100 adults; 30 infants from infected mothers | Sensitivity, 88%; specificity, 100% | Beghetto et al., 2006 | |
| Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG immunoblot | 40 total; 20 acute, 20 chronic |
Sensitivity, 100% (acute-phase); 40% for chronic sera |
Kotresha et al., 2012 | |
| GRA8 (Formerly P35) | Recombinant protein with CKS domain | IgG ELISA | 247 total, 89 acute, 105 chronic, 53 recent seroconversion |
Sensitivity, 70% | Aubert et al., 2000 |
| IgM ELISA | 142 total, 105 chronic, 53 recent seroconversion |
Sensitivity, 54.9% | |||
| Recombinant protein with GST domain | IgM ELISA | 53 total; 20 acute, 33 chronic |
Sensitivity, 90% (acute-phase); no chronic sera were positive |
Suzuki et al., 2000 | |
| Recombinant protein with CKS domain | IgG ELISA | 80 total pregnant women; 41 acute, 50 chronic |
Sensitivity, 85.3% (acute-phase), 8% (chronic sera) | Li et al., 2000b | |
| Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG ELISA | 90 total; 33 acute, 57 chronic |
Sensitivity, 86.7% (acute-phase), 54.5% (chronic sera) |
Hiszczyńska-Sawicka et al., 2005 | |
| Recombinant protein with GST domain | IgM ELISA | 100 total; 25 acute, 25 recently seroconverted, 25 persistent IgM-positive, 25 chronic |
Sensitivity, 100% (acute-phase), 88% (recently seroconverted), 16% (persistent IgM-positive), 4% (chronic sera) |
Lu et al., 2006 | |
| M2AP | Recombinant protein with GST domain | IgG ELISA | 130 total; 100 adults, 30 infants from infected mothers |
Sensitivity, 78%; specificity, 100% | Beghetto et al., 2006 |
| MAG1 | Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG ELISA | 117 total; 37 acute, 80 chronic |
Sensitivity, 97.3% (acute-phase), 7.5% (chronic sera) |
Holec et al., 2007 |
| MIC2 | Recombinant protein with GST domain | IgG ELISA | 130 total; 100 adults, 30 infants from infected mothers |
Sensitivity, 92%; specificity, 100% |
Beghetto et al., 2006 |
| MIC3 | Recombinant protein with GST domain | IgG avidity | 121 total; 80 pregnant women with seroconversion | Low avidity of IgG antibodies in sera collected within 2 mo after infection | Beghetto et al., 2003 |
| Recombinant protein with GST domain | IgG ELISA | 130 total; 100 adults, 30 infants from infected mothers |
Sensitivity, 90%; specificity, 100% |
Beghetto et al., 2006 | |
| P68 | Recombinant protein with CKS domain | IgG ELISA | 247 total; 89 acute, 105 chronic, 53 recent seroconversion |
Sensitivity, 69.2% | Aubert et al., 2000 |
| IgM ELISA | 142 total; 105 chronic, 53 recent seroconversion |
Sensitivity, 18.3% | |||
| ROP1 (Formerly P66) | Recombinant protein with CKS domain | IgG ELISA | 247 total; 89 acute, 105 chronic, 53 recent seroconversion |
Sensitivity, 59.1% | Aubert et al., 2000 |
| Recombinant protein with CKS domain | IgM ELISA | 142 total; 105 chronic, 53 recent seroconversion |
Sensitivity, 58.5% | ||
| Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG ELISA | 127 total; 37 acute, 90 chronic |
Sensitivity, 94.6% (acute-phase), 15.5% (chronic sera) |
Holec-Gąsior et al., 2009 | |
| Recombinant protein with CKS domain | IgG avidity | 172 total for routine screening | Sensitivity, 85% (acute-phase), 25% (chronic sera) |
Holec-Gąsior et al., 2010 | |
| ROP2 (Formerly P54) | Recombinant protein with CKS domain | IgG ELISA | 247 total; 89 acute, 105 chronic, 53 recent seroconversion |
Sensitivity, 58.3% | Aubert et al., 2000 |
| IgM ELISA | 142 total; 105 chronic, 53 recent seroconversion | Sensitivity, 12.7% | |||
| Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG ELISA | 36 total; 12 acute, 22 chronic |
Sensitivity, 83.3% (acute-phase), 54.5% (chronic sera) |
Nigro et al., 2003 | |
| ROP5 | Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG ELISA | 146 total; 34 acute, 86 chronic, 26 seronegative |
Sensitivity, 23%; Specificity, 100% |
Grzybowski et al., 2015 |
| IgM ELISA | Sensitivity, 26%; Specificity, 91% | ||||
| ROP8 | Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG Western Blot | 105 total; 25 early acute, 30 acute, 50 chronic |
Sensitivity, 90% overall; 90% (early acute-phase), 92% (acute sera), 82% (chronic sera); specificity, 94% |
Sonaimuthu et al., 2014 |
| ROP18 | Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG ELISA | 146 total; 34 acute, 86 chronic, 26 seronegative |
Sensitivity, 38%; specificity, 93%, |
Grzybowski et al., 2015 |
| IgM ELISA | Sensitivity, 68%, specificity, 76%, |
||||
| SAG1 (Formerly P30) | Recombinant protein with CKS domain | IgG ELISA | 247 total, 89 acute, 105 chronic, 53 recent seroconversion |
Sensitivity, 74.1% | Aubert et al., 2000 |
| IgM ELISA | 142 total; 105 chronic, 53 recent seroconversion | Sensitivity, 10.6% | |||
| Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG ELISA | 117 total; 45 acute, 72 chronic |
Sensitivity, 98.6% (acute-phase), 100% (chronic sera) |
Pietkiewicz et al., 2004 | |
| Recombinant protein with GST domain | IgG ELISA | 130 total; 100 adults, 30 infants from infected mothers |
Sensitivity, 82%; specificity, 100% |
Beghetto et al., 2006 | |
| Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG ELISA | 173 total patients; 153 (with suspected T. gondii infection), 20 (with other diseases) |
Sensitivity, 88.4%; specificity, 88% | Jalallou et al., 2010 | |
| Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG ELISA | 204 total, 74 IgG positive, 70 IgM positive; 60 no serological evidence |
Sensitivity, 93%, specificity, 95% |
Selseleh et al., 2012 | |
| IgM ELISA | Sensitivity, 87%, specificity, 95% | ||||
| Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG ELISA | 91 total pregnant; 49 seropositive, 42 Seronegative |
Sensitivity, 100%, specificity, 100% | Bel-Ochi et al., 2013 | |
| SAG2 (Formerly P22) | Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG ELISA | 90 total; 33 acute, 57 chronic |
Sensitivity,95.6% overall; 93.9% (acute-phase), 96.5% (chronic sera) |
Hiszczyńska-Sawicka et al., 2005 |
| Recombinant protein with His tag domain in yeast Pichia pastoris | IgG /IgM ELISA | 60 total; 20 early acute, 20 acute, 20 chronic |
Sensitivity, 80% (early acute-phase), 95% (acute sera), 100% (chronic sera); specificity, 100% |
Lau and Fong, 2008 | |
| SAG2 A | Recombinant protein with His tag domain | IgG ELISA IgG avidity | 60 total; 30 acute, 30 chronic |
Sensitivity, 95%, overall; 90% (acute-phase), 67% (chronic sera); specificity, 100% |
Béla et al., 2008 |
a
All recombinant proteins were produced in E. coli unless specified.