TABLE 4.
Observations on development of resistance against host-directed antiviral agentsa
| Antiviral agent(s) | Virus | Host target | Mechanism of resistance | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thapsigargin | NDV | SERCA | Mutations in the fusion (F) protein | 39 |
| Amiloride (EIPA) | CVB3 | Sodium-proton exchange | Mutations close to the active center in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase | 430 |
| CGP57380 | BPXV | MNK1 | Not defined | 38 |
| DEBIO-025, SCY63, NIM811 | HCV | Cyclophilin | Mutations in the viral proteins (NS3, NS5A, and NS5B) near cyclophilin binding site | 372 |
| PIK93, BF738735, GW5074, T-00127-HEV1 | EV | PI4KB | Mutation in viral 3A protein which allows recruitment of PI4KB for synthesis of PI4P with enhanced efficiency | 481, 482 |
| Brequinar | DENV | Not defined | Mutations in the viral polymerase (E802Q) and envelope (M260V) proteins | 525 |
a
Abbreviations: BPXV, buffalopox virus; CVB3, coxsackievirus B3; DENV, dengue virus; EV, enterovirus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; NDV, Newcastle disease virus; SERCA, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase; MNK1, MAPK interacting kinase 1; PI4KB, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ.