Table 1.

Emerging diagnostics technological platform with their corresponding sample types and working principles for SARS-CoV-2.

Platform	Type of technology	Sample type	Working
CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)a	Nucleic acid	Serum	PCR, CRISPR/Ca9-mediated lateral flow nucleic assay.
RAT (Rapid Antigen Test)b	Protein	Serum	Gold-coated antibodies produce colorimetric signal on paper in presence of target.
RPA (Recombinase Polymerase Amplification)c	Nucleic acid	Fecal and Nasal swabs	Forward and reverse primers blind to DNA and amplify strands at 37 °C.
RCA (Rolling Circle Amplification)d	Nucleic acid	Serum	DNA polymerase used to extend a circular primer and repeatedly replicate the sequence.
SIMOA (Single-Molecule Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)e	Protein	Serum	Digital readout of colored product by enzymatic reaction in presence of target.
NASBA (Nucleic Acid Sequence Based Amplification)f	Nucleic acid	Nasal swabs	Transcription based amplification for RNA targets.
LAMP (Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification)g	Nucleic acid	Throat swabs	Isothermal DNA synthesis using self-recurring strand displacement reactions.
RT-LAMP (Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification)h	Nucleic acid	Nasopharyngeal aspirates	Reverse transcriptase LAMP reaction for RNA targets.
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)i	Protein	Serum	Enzymatic reaction to produce colored product by enzymatic reaction in presence of target.

^aWang et al. (2020a), Wang et al. (2020b), Wang et al. (2020c), Wang et al. (2020d).

^bBosch et al. (2017).

^cAmer et al. (2013).

^dMartel et al. (2013).

^eRissin et al. (2010).

^fWat et al. (2008).

^gImai et al. (2007).

^hShirato et al. (2007).

ⁱRowe et al. (1999).