Table 1.

Examples of first generation vaccine candidates using genetically modified parasites against CL associated with protection.

SPECIES	MODIFICATION	OLD WORLD OUTCOME	NEW WORLD OUTCOME	REFERENCE
L. mexicana	Mannose pathway impairment	Not tested	Protection (live parasites challenge) – No protection (killed parasites challenge)	66
L. mexicana	Lack of the dhfr-ts gene	Not tested	No protection	70
L. major	Lack of the dhfr-ts gene	Protection	Not tested	71
L. major	Lack of the P27 gene	Partial protection	Not tested	72