Table 4.

Concomitant use of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines[69,70]

Study authors	Patients	Outcome of co-administration of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines
Sumitani et al.[69]	A total of 98 adults with chronic respiratory disease underwent the additive inoculation of influenza vaccine (I-V) and 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine (P-V) to prevent lower respiratory tract infections.	Significant reduction in:  Number of respiratory infections (3.16 vs 1.95 infections; P=0.0004)  Number of hospitalizations (0.79 vs. 0.43 hospitalizations; P=0.001)
Christenson et al.[70]	100,242 participants aged ≥65 years; 76% of the participants received both vaccines.	The incidence of hospital treatment was lower in the vaccinated group vs non-vaccinated group. In the vaccinated group, the incidence of hospital treatment was:  46% lower for influenza  29% lower for pneumonia  36% lower for pneumococcal pneumonia  52% for IPD 57% lower mortality was observed in the vaccinated cohort (15.1 vs 34.7 deaths per 1000 inhabitants).

IPD: Invasive pneumococcal disease